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The capability of hydrolysis and fermentation of wort and molasses sugars by enzymatic extracts of selected strains of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis yeasts, was investigated. In the extracts from the cell walls, the presence of β-fructofuranosidase and α-galactosidase was stated. The intracellular extracts contained α-glucosidase and enzymes, causing fermentation of monosaccharides into alcohol.
Changes of proteolytic, fermentation and decarboxylation activity during the process of freeze drying and storage of enzymatic extract obtained from yeast disintegrated by the mechanical-pressure method and with cooled acetone were investigated. It has been found out that lyophylization does not have any significant influence on the enzymatic activity of the extracts tested. The enzymes washed out from the sediment of acetone-cooled disintegrated cells were more stable during storage than extracts dried by freezing.
The β-galactosidase synthetized by cells of Str. lactis 192 and Lbc. lactis F-16 in characterized on the basis of pH and temperature optimum for the enzyme's activity, thermal stability and the effect of selected ions. There were significant differences in β-galactosidase activity depending on the strain and on the kind of extract. The Str. lactis 192 enzyme demonstrated higher activity in lactose fermentation and lower thenmal stability than the β-galactosidase of Lbc. lactis F-16. The effect of ions on enzyme activity was diversified and depended on the time of activity, the kind of extract and the bacteria strain.
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Wplyw deszczowania na plonowanie odmian ziemniaka

51%
In two experiment series carried out in 1989-1994 the influence of irrigation on 21 potato varieties was estimated. Irrigation caused an increase of the total yield from 30.9% to 104,4% and commercial yield from 32,1% to 178,2% in years with moderate rainfall. In very dry year 1992 the increase of total yield ranged from 60,5% to 214,4% and commercial yield from 90,4% to 439,1% depending on potato varieties. In the years with high rainfall irrigation decreased the yield most of potato varieties except: Mila, Jagoda, Jagna, Kolia, Fauna and Cisa. Increase of yield due to irrigation was independent of length vegetation period of evaluated varieties.
The authors have studied the effect of an addition of calcium chloride to milk prior to its pasteurization on the molecular weight of proteins, their electrophoretic mobility, hydration of casein micelles, titration curves of isolated proteins and the coagulation of milk by rennet. The addition of calcium chloride enabled to increase the yield of hard and cottage cheeses. The products obtained contained protein of a higher biological value.
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