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The aim of investigations was the evaluation of the influence of crossing cultivated tribes of geese (White Koluda® and Slovakian goose) with Greylag geese on the occurrence of the histopathological changes in the superficial pectoral muscle of the crossbreed goose with different Greylag goose gene shares. The experimental material constituted triple (39 goose) and quadruple (40 goose) goose crossbreeds with White Koluda®, Slovakian and Greylag goose gene share. The triple crossbreeds were characterized by 25% and quadruple 12.5% participation of the Greylag goose gene share. At 24-weeks-of-age the birds were slaughtered. Directly after slaughter muscle specimens were taken, from which histological preparations were made, then they were colored by the H+E method and subjected to histopathological analysis. Only insignificant pathological changes were observed in the superficial pectoral muscle of the examined hybrid geese. The analyzed muscle tissue of the experimental triple crossbreeds geese were ascertained as 96.47% normal muscles fibers, while in quadruple crossbreed geese 94.21%. Moreover, in the superficial pectoral muscle of quadruple goose crossbreeds there occurred more significant atrophy fibers (4.23%) and fibers with a changed shape (0.91%) in comparison to identical changes in muscle of triple crossbreeds goose, i.e. respectively 2.76% and 0.45%. Also ascertained were small amounts of giant fibers, necrosis fibers, splitting and central core change types. The results showed that crossbreeding cultivated races with Greylag geese, especially the crossbreeds with higher levels of Greylag goose gene share, possess an excellent ability to adapt to farm breeding conditions and their meat possesses high qualities.
Effect of training on the heart rate in mares. The purpose of this paper was to determine the effect of training on the heart rate in mares and analyse the adaptation of examined specimens to training loads. The tests were carried out on the basis of measurements of the post-effort resting heart rate and restitution time at various training stages in the Training Centre in Bielice. The measurements were taken with an electric heart rate monitorin 56 mares. The resting heart rate in mares was higher than in the final training stage. The heart rate restitution was quicker at the end of the training period. A significant influence of the length of training of mares selected for tests on the way they had reacted to the same load was observed. Horses with a longer preparation period had better efficiency parameters, both at rest and after training. An influence of the level of preparation of mares on their results of the final test in the training centre was also demonstrated – the average grade of mares following an extended preparation period was higher by 2 points.
The experiment was carried out on 29 hybrids (21 barrows and 8 gilts) of Duroc sows with wild boar (Sus scrofa ferus L.). All the animals were fed (ad libitum with composed fix) from weaning up to the age of approx. 8 months. The samples of Longissimus lumborum for histopathological study were collected 45 min after slaughter and were frozen with liquid nitrogen. Microscopic preparations were stained according to the Van Gieson method. The following types of histopathological changes were accounted for: changes in fibre size (fibre atrophy, hypertrophy – giant fibres), changes in fibre shape (triangular, trapezoid and elongated fibres), degenerative changes of fibres (necrosis plus phagocytosis, fibre splitting) and connective tissue hypertrophy. Most often appearing pathological change in the muscle was fiber atrophy. It was observed in all animals. The other changes appeared with greater frequency in gilts. Percentage of particular pathological changes was low, 95.84% of normal fibers were found.
Badania przeprowadzono na mięśniu najdłuższym (m. longissimus) 24 jagniąt samic i samców rasy Merynofin (Mf) oraz mieszańców Texel x Mf (TMf) i Ile de France x Mf (IfMf). Jagnięta były tuczone półintensywnie do masy ciała 30-35 kg. Próbki mięśni pobierano bezpośrednio po uboju w celu wyróżnienia typów włókien: STO, FTO i FTG. Określono procentowe udziały typów włókien, ich średnice, liczbę włókien na jednostkę powierzchni mięśnia jak i udział tkanki tłuszczowej śródmięśniowej. W wymienionych parametrach mikrostrukturalnych nie stwierdzono statystycznie istotnych różnic między badanymi grupami jagniąt. Wystąpiła jednakże tendencja do zwiększenia średnic włókien FTO, FTG oraz zmniejszenia liczby włókien na jednostkę powierzchni mięśnia u mieszańców z udziałem ras mięsnych. Istotne różnice stwierdzono w średnicach włókien STO związane z płcią. Maciorki miały grubsze włókna STO niż tryczki.
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