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1

Milk fat in human nutrition. Studies in dairy cows with special reference to CLA

100%

Haug A., Taugbol O., Olsen E. S., Biong A. S., Harstad O. M.

Animal Science Papers and Reports

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2004

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tom 22

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nr 3

2

Milk fat retention during the production of some ripening cheeses

88%

Bohdziewicz K.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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2006

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tom 15/56

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nr Spec.Issue 1

Milk fat retention in cheese was determined during the production of six various types of cheese, Ementalski, Gouda, Mazurski, Tylżycki, Warmiński and Jeziorański, at different dairy plants (DP-A, ... DP-F), depending on the technological and technical conditions of the production process, taking into account seasonal changes in milk composition. A statistical analysis of the results showed that in all cheese types the levels of milk fat recovery in cheese was not affected by the season. An analysis of particular production processes revealed statistically significant differences (at a confidence level of α=0.05) only in the case of Ementalski cheese produced at DP-B, for which the level of milk fat retention in cheese was higher in the summer than in the winter. In the other cases no statistically significant differences were found. An analysis of milk fat retention in all types of cheese throughout the year and in the summer and winter production cycles indicated that the level of milk fat recovery in cheese was related to cheese type. This suggests that the production technology and technical equipment had stronger effects on milk fat recovery in cheese than the chemical composition of milk. A comparison of the statistical values calculated for Ementalski cheese produced at DP-A and DP-B, and for Tylżycki cheese and Warmiński cheese produced at DP-E, confirmed that the technical equipment used at a cheese dairy had a greater influence on milk fat transfer than the production technology.

3

Copper content of milk fat

88%

Rafalowski R., Zegarska Z.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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2006

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tom 15/56

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nr Spec.Issue 1

The study was aimed at determining the content of copper in milk fat. Analyses were carried out on fat extracted from non-pasteurised sweet cream obtained from bulk milk. Copper was extracted from fat samples with nitric acid and its content was determined with the method of flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results obtained indicate that the content of copper in milk fat ranged from 0.010 to 0.089 mg/kg. The average copper content of fat from the summer feeding accounted for 0.037±0.020 mg/kg, and that of fat from the winter feeding was significantly higher (α=0.05) and reached 0.054±0.021 mg/kg.

4

Fatty acid profile of milk fat in the local dairy products from north-eastern Poland

75%

Pietrzak-Fiecko R., Staniewska K., Staniewski B.

Polish Journal of Natural Sciences

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2017

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tom 32

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nr 1

The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid profile of cheese and tvorog milk fat obtained from the local producers from the region of north-eastern Poland. The material consisted of tvorog and cheese samples made from cow, goat and sheep’s milk. Methyl esters of fatty acids in milk fat was prepared with the use of IDF Standard 1999 and was performed by the gas chromatography method. Differences were found in the percentage share of each fatty acid group depending on the type of milk from which the cheese was produced. It may be concluded that local tvorog and cheese made from goat’s, sheep’s and cow’s milk from north-eastern Poland may be a valuable source of short- and medium-chain fatty acids as well as CLA.

5

Genetic and environmental trends in Polish dairy goats

75%

Bagnicka E., Lukaszewicz M., Distl O., Hamann H.

Animal Science Papers and Reports

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2002

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tom 20

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nr 4

6

Effect of randomization on the structure and physical properties of rapeseed oil - milk fat mixtures

75%

Ptasznik S.

Roczniki Instytutu Przemysłu Mięsnego i Tłuszczowego

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1999

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tom 36

7

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The content of cholesterol in butter depending on the season and production method

75%

Kisza J., Staniewski B., Juskiewicz M.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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1996

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tom 05

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nr 1

The seasonal variations in the cholesterol content in butter in relation to the fatty acid compositions were studied. No statistically significant differences in the cholesterol content depending on the season of the year were found. The differences in the cholesterol content in butter manufactured conventionally or continuously were also insignificant (p=0.05). The analysis of correlation showed statistically significant (p=0.05) dependence between the butter cholesterol content and iodine value (r=0.47), volatile fatty acids content (r=-0.38), and the C16:0/C18:0 ratio (r = 0.36).

8

Fatty acid composition of blended spreads

75%

Hoffmann M.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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2007

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tom 57

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nr 3[A]

The paper covers characteristics of fatty acid compositions of blends consisting of milk and vegetable fats. The analyses conducted showed considerable differences in the fatty acid composition and, as well as in the composition and nutritional value of fats belonging to the same product category. The investigated samples contained between 27.1 and 62.2% of saturated fatty acids, while trans isomers of fatty acids were found at a level between 2.4 and 14.8%. Differences in monounsaturated (28.0–45.4%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (4.3–16.8%) were observed as well.

9

Trans fatty acids in milk fat

75%

Zegarska Z., Paszczyk B., Borejszo Z.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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1996

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tom 05

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nr 3

The trans fatty acids in milk fat from the indoor feeding ( March, April) and the pasture feeding period (May) were determined. An argentation thin layer chromatography (Ag-TLC) and gas liquid chromatography (GLC) on a polar capillary column (CP Sil 88) were used.The content of trans fatty acids in milk fat showed considerable seasonal variations. The trans 18:1 content for the pasture period was 5.73 g/100 g milk fat (MF) and only 1.83 g/100 g MF for the indoor feeding period. About one-half of trans 18:1 isomers in the samples from the indoor feeding period and more than 60% in the samples from May was trans-11 18:1 acid. The level of two trans 18:2 isomers (cis-trans and trans-cis) was about 4 times higher (0.81 g/100 g MF) in the pasture feeding period than in the indoor feeding period (0.18 g/100 g MF).

10

Annual changes in the content of unsaturated fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms, including cis9trans11 C18:2 [CLA] acid, in milk fat

75%

Zegarska Z., Paszczyk B., Rafalowski R., Borejszo Z.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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2006

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tom 15/56

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nr 4

The fatty acid composition of milk fat during a year was determined by gas chromatography with the use of a 100-m capillary column with high-polar liquid phase. The experimental material were samples of fat isolated with the extraction method from 30% non-pasteurised cream. The study demonstrated that the range of changes in the content of trans isomers of milk fat over a year was significantly higher than that of cis isomers of those acids. The content of C18:1 trans isomers and cis9trans11 C18:2 (CLA) acid was ca. 3-fold higher, whereas that of trans isomers of C18:2 acid – about 2.5-higher in milk fat from summer feeding of the cows as compared to their concentrations in milk fat from winter feeding. The content of cis9trans11 C18:2 acid in milk fat during a year ranged from 0.39 to 1.76% of the total fatty acid composition. The average content of oleic acid in milk fat from the period of summer feeding accounted for 20.63% and was higher by 2.6 percentage units as compared to fat content in the winter feeding. The concentration of linoleic acid in fatty acid composition was almost constant during a year. The contribution of linolenic acid was reported to range from 0.38 to 1.46% and its content of milk fat from the period of summer feeding was twice as much as that of milk fat from the winter feeding period.

11

The content of cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer determined by two methods in ewe’s milk fat

63%

Radzik-Rant A., Rozbicka-Wieczorek A., Rant W., Czauderna M., Kuczynska B.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science

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2012

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tom 51

The aim of this study was the quantitive determination of cis-9, trans-11 isomer by two methods: gas chromatography (GC) and silver-ion high performance liquid chromatography (Ag+HPLC) in ewes milk fat. The study was carried out on 20 ewes of Wrzosówka and Żelazneńska sheep, which were mantained at the same environmental and nutritional conditions. The milk samples have been collected from ewes at the age of 3—1 years and in the 4th week of lactation. The chemical composition, as well as fat content, was similar in both studied breeds. The amount of C18 fatty acids connected with the major CLA isomer did not show statistical differences between breeds, besides of C18:3, which was higher (P < 0.03) for Wrzosówka. The activity of A9 desaturase, the enzyme responsible for endogenous synthesis, was also higher (P < 0.01) for Wrzosówka ewes. The content of cis-9, trans-11 C18:2 isomer in milk fat of studied ewes determinated by GC method did not differ with this obtained by Ag+HPLC. The difference has not been noted also within studied breeds. Obtained results suggest, that major CLA isomer in milk could be sensitively identified what allow to precisely determining its amount both by classic GC method and Ag+HPLC method.

12

Comparison of lipolytic activity of yeast strains isolated from Rokpol cheese

63%

Szoltyski M., Juszczyk P., Czajgucka A., Zarowska B., Dabrowska A., Polomska X., Babij K., Wojtatowicz J., Chrzanowska J.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Biotechnologia

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2012

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tom 11

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nr 2

Lipolytic activity of seven yeast strains: Candida famata MI1a, C. intermedia BI2a, C. kefyr PII1b, C. sphaerica FII7a, Geotrichum penicillatum EII6a, Saccharomy- ces kluyveri BII3a and Yarrowia lipolytica PII6a was investigated. These strains representing yeast species occurring in mould cheese Rokpol are potential cheese co-starters. The extra and intracellular lipolytic activity of the yeast was analyzed against tributyrine and p-nitrophenyl derivatives of fatty acids. Also their ability to hydrolyze bovine milk fat was assayed. It was shown that generally activity of extracellular yeast lipases were higher than of intracellular enzymes. The most lipolytic were strains Y. lipolytica PII6a and C. sphaeri- ca FII7a, which preferentially hydrolyzed butyrate p-nitrophenyl derivative and release the highest amounts of oleic acid from milk fat.

13

Chemical composition of the colostrum and milk of sows fed diets containing naked oats

63%

Szostak B., Stasiak A.

Polish Journal of Natural Sciences

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2017

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tom 32

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nr 4

The aim of the study was to determine the chemical composition of the colostrum and milk of sows fed diets containing naked oats. The study was carried out on 45 Polish Landrace sows assigned to three groups, 2 experimental and one control, with 15 individuals in each group. In the late gestation period the sows were also fed a diet including naked oats. The ration fed to the experimental groups contained 20% (D₁) and 40% (D₂) naked oats of the Akt variety. The chemical composition of the colostrum and milk of the sows was tested during the first, second and third lactation. Colostrum and milk for chemical analysis were collected on days 1, 7 and 21 of lactation (basic composition) following prior administration of 2 ml of oxytocin. The level of lactoglobulins in the colostrum and milk was determined on days 1 and 7 of lactation, and the fatty acid profile on day 7. On both days 7 and 21 of lactation the milk of the sows in the experimental groups had a higher percentage of fat than in the control. The milk of the experimental sows also contained higher percentages of linoleic and linolenic acids. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) were shown in the percentages of these acids in the milk of sows during each lactation between the D₂ groups and the control groups.

14

Predicting sunflower oil content in mixed fat spreads based on electrical properties

63%

Banach J. K., Zywica R., Zadroga I. U., Staniewska K.

Towaroznawcze Problemy Jakości. Polskie Towarzystwo Towaroznawcze

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2014

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nr 1

15

Content of odd-numbered carbon fatty acids in the milk of lactating women and in infant formula and follow-up formula

63%

Martysiak-Zurowska D.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Technologia Alimentaria

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2008

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tom 07

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nr 2

75-82

The objective of this study was to examine the relation between the content of pentadecanoic acid C15:0 (PA) and heptadecanoic acid C17:0 (HA) in human milk and the type of the mothers' diet and determine the content of these fatty acids in infant formulas and follow-up formulas available on the market. Thirty-four, healthy mothers, aged 24-33 y were take part in the study. Mothers were classified according to their diet status into one of two groups: diet low in dairy products (15) and standard diet (19). Analyzed 12 differences infant formulas, 6 infant formulas and 6 follow-on formulas. In the group of women whose diet was Iow in dairy products, the PA content of human milk fat reached on average 0.195 ±0.017% of total fatty acids, and the HA content - 0.202 ±0.012%. In the group of women eating a standard diet, a statistically significant increase was observed in the PA and HA content of milk fat which on average reached: PA - 0.406 ±0.019% and HA - 0.360 ±0.015% of total fatty acids. It was concluded that in respect of human milk, PA and HA could be regarded as biomarkers of milk fat consumption by lactating women. From among 12 investigated infant formulas (IF) and follow-up formulas (FF) which are available in retail, PA of 0.63 to 0.98% and HA of 0.37 to 0.60% of total fatty acids was found in only 4 formulas which contain bovine milk fat. In IFs which, according to the manufacturer's statement, do not contain milk fat, PA content was from 0.04 to 0.07% and HA - from 0.02 to 0.08% of total fatty acids.

16

Characteristics of milk from different species of farm animals with special emphasis on health-promoting ingredients

63%

Stobiecka M., Krol J., Brodziak A., Wajs J.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Zootechnica

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2021

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tom 20

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nr 3

17

A relationship between somatic cell count, polymorphic form of beta4-defensin and susceptibility of cow milk fat to lipolysis

63%

Strzalkowska N., Jozwik A., Polawska E., Zdanowska-Sasiadek Z., Bagnicka E., Pyzel B., Lipinska P., Horbanczuk J. O.

Animal Science Papers and Reports

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2014

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tom 32

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nr 4

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of somatic cell count and the polymorphic form of β4-defensin on the concentration of free fatty acids (FFA) and physico-chemical characteristics of cow’s milk. The study was carried out on 120 Polish Holstein-Friesian Black and White dairy cows.The animals were maintained in a loose barn and fed with the TMR system according to the INRA norm. The animals were divided into groups according to their polymorphic form of the defensin β4 gene: 1st – CT (def-1); 2nd – CC (def-2) and into two groups in terms of their somatic cell count:1st - <3×105 (SCC-1) and 2nd – 3×105 – 6×105 (SCC-2) cell/ml. Milk samples were collected once a month during the whole lactation. Chemical composition and some physico-chemical parameters of milk were determined by automated infrared analysis with a Milkoscan FT2 instrument. SCC were evaluated using BactoCaunt IBCm. A relationship was found between polymorphic forms of the defensin gene and the level of FFA in milk directly after milking (CT

18

DSC thermograms of melting and crystallization as a “fingerprint” in the evaluation of the authenticity of butter

63%

Tomaszewska-Gras J., Kijowski J.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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2011

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tom 61

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nr Suppl.1

19

Optimization of homogenization process of condensed milk with vegetable oil

63%

Kulasek M., Chojnowski W., Zulewska J., Kubiak A.

Polish Journal of Natural Sciences. Supplement

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2004

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tom 02

91-102

20

In vitro anti-cancer properties of natural vs synthetic conjugated linoleic acid

63%

Lipkowski A. W., Walisiewicz-Niedbalska W., Patkowska-Sokola B., Opolski A., Bodkowski R., Wietrzyk J., Pelczynska M., Nasulewicz A., Gwardiak H., Kwiatkowski J.

Animal Science Papers and Reports

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2003

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tom 21

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nr 1

Anti-proliferative activity was investigated of C18:2 9cis,11trans (conjugated linoleic acid – CLA) isomer isolated from sheep milk fat. The research was conducted on sheep milk fatty acids in natural composition (FA-1) containing 2.0% of the C18:2 9cis,11trans CLA isomer and preparation enriched with CLA, containing up to 9.2% of the CLA isomer (FA-2). The process of enrichment of FA-1 was carried out in two steps. Step I was to remove mid-chain-length saturated fatty acids, primarily C16,by forming adducts with urea (to obtain FA-U), while in step II the short-chain acids were removed by way of supercritical extraction with CO2. The final preparation obtained (FA-2) contained 9.2% of the C18:2 9cis,11trans isomer. A natural sheep milk fatty acid composition (FA-1), the CLA-enriched product (FA-2) and a commercial CLA preparation (CP) were tested for anti-proliferative activity against the cells of human cervical carcinoma (KB), and leukaemia (HL-60). The ID50 dose (resulting in a 50% inhibition of cell proliferation) of FA-2 was found lower than that of the CP preparation. The SRB test showed.

Ograniczanie wyników

Milk fat in human nutrition. Studies in dairy cows with special reference to CLA

Milk fat retention during the production of some ripening cheeses

Copper content of milk fat

Fatty acid profile of milk fat in the local dairy products from north-eastern Poland

Genetic and environmental trends in Polish dairy goats