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The research embraced 9339 people aged 13-75, living in the 6 macro-regions of Poland. The preferences and the consumption frequency for the chosen products and their groups and the choice importance of factors influencing the food choice were evaluated. On the basis of the factor analysis (the main components method) and the cluster analysis (the k-means method) the characteristic profiles describing the food choice models were selected. The existence of 6 profiles describing people dietary behaviours were revealed. Food choice was influenced to a larger extent by sensory and functional factors rather than by socio-cultural, concerning health factors or price. The health-concerning factors differentiated studied population, nevertheless, they had a moderate meaning for the food choice.
Background. Children and youth constitute a group that is particularly prone to the effects of improper diet. In the puberty period, numerous significant lifestyle choices are made, for instance regarding particular nutritional behaviours which may be repeated later in life and may determine the state of health. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess nutritional behaviours of children aged 7-12 attending to primary schools in Biala Podlaska county (Eastern Region of Poland). Material and methods. The study included 1643 children aged 7-12 from primary schools in Biala Podlaska county. The research was carried out in 2015. The questions included in the questionnaire prepared by the authors regarded the number and regularity of meals, the types of products (mainly fruit and vegetables, sweets, fizzy drinks, fast food, milk and dairy products) and the frequency of consuming them during these meals and between them. Differences between the responses to the questions in groups divided according to gender were analysed with the use of χ2 test (G function). Results. It was revealed that 672 girls (81.7%) and 633 boys (71.9%) had at least four meals a day, while as many as 23% of the girls and boys did not have breakfast before going to school and 33.5% of the girls and 37.4% of the boys did not take lunch to school. The main meal (dinner) was eaten every day by 652 girls (78.5%) and 605 boys (74.5%). Products most commonly eaten between the main meals were fruit and vegetables (51% of the girls and 42.4% of the boys), while sweets were consumed 2-3 times a week by 37.2% of the girls and 36.1% of the boys. The consumption of dairy products (milk, natural yoghurt and/or kefir) once a week or less frequently was declared by 53% of the girls and boys. Conclusions. Assessment of nutritional behaviours revealed numerous mistakes which may negatively affect the development of the study participants. In the light of the above findings, it seems necessary to provide children and their parents with nutritional education in order to develop proper nutritional behaviours and correct the mistakes.
Background. Calcium is one of the most important minerals for the human body which is essential for healthy bones and teeth. Vitamin D has hormone-like properties in the human body. It is supplied with the diet, but it is also synthesized by the body under exposure to UV radiation. Vitamin D controls calcium and phosphorus metabolism and is responsible for bone modeling and mineralization. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate eating habits and food preferences of school-age children meet the demand for calcium and vitamin D, and estimate the frequency of consumption of foods rich in these nutrients. Material and methods. A total of 197 parents of 7- to 9-year-olds attending randomly selected primary schools in Lublin and Świdnik were asked to fill out a questionnaire designed by the authors. The results were processed by the Chi-squared test in the Excel application. Results. Considerable differences in the consumption of milk and dairy products were observed between age groups. In the group of 7-year-olds, 57.5% of children drank milk and ate dairy products at least once a day, whereas in the group of 9-year-olds, only 16.6% of children ate dairy products at least once a day. The intake of foods rich in vitamin D was equally low among the surveyed children. Conclusions. School-age children may be at risk of calcium and vitamin D deficiencies due to low consumption of milk, dairy products and fish, and inadequate vitamin D supplementation. Parents should be educated about nutrition to change the family’s eating habits.
The study was carried out in 1649 fourth-year students of the medical academies in Warsaw, Gdańsk and Poznań. The assessment of the diets was based on one-day menus from the last 24 hours preceding the dietary interview. The assessment included the regularity and frequency of meals and the frequency of intake of certain food products. The analysis showed a number of errors and abnormalities of diets consumed by women and men in all studied academies. The most frequent abnormalities comprised: irregular intake of meals, dropping of breakfast, lunch or dinner, infrequent intake of milk, vegetables and fruit (especially raw fruit) and cereals, especially coarse milled. The diet received by the students of the Warsaw Medical Academy was fraught with least errors.
The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of consumption of selected groups of foodstuffs with varying energy value by patients of the „Dom Zdrojowy" sanatorium in Ciechocinek (Poland). The survey included 100 persons, out of which 80% were obese individuals (OB), while the others were patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Products with lowered energy value, especially cottage cheese, milk, "light" yoghurt, as well as tea and coffee without sugar were on average consumed rather frequently. Obese patients, from among women constituted 80%, paid attention to fat content in their daily diet.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency of eating of dairy products and the daily intake of these products in the population of 449 persons aged 13-15, representing rural and urban areas. The frequency of eating and the average daily intake of milk and its products were insufficient. The girls and the participants from the rural area consumed dairy products more seldom and in lower amounts in comparison with the boys and the participants from the urban area, respectively.
The aim of the study was to assess the consumption frequency of selected groups of products with different fat content among youth and students. The 434 people from Wielkopolska region were investigated. High consumption frequency of poultry as well as milk and cottage cheese with lowered fat content was positive nutritional behaviour of questionnaires. Girls considerably more often than boys paid attention to fat content in everyday diet, what was confirmed by Spearman correlation ranks.
The popularity of seven groups of processed foodstuffs (soups, dinners, pulverized fruits and vegetables, desserts, dairy desserts, juices, teas) for infants and small children aged 4 months up to 3 years, available on the market and comprising a total of 154 products, was investigated in this study. A survey was carried out in the group of 100 individuals. They were mothers and fathers bringing their children to crèche as well as buying analysed products. Among 24 soups vegetable soup with rabbit meat, vegetable soup and vegetable soup with chicken turned out to be most popular, as they were bought by 26%, 25% and 24% parents, respectively. In the group of second courses the most popular included vegetable with rabbit meat (19%), vegetables with lamb and groats (17%) and lamb in vegetable stew (16%). The most popular pulverized fruits and vegetables included apple (32%), apple with blueberries (27%), carrot and apple (26%) and carrot, apple and forest berries (23%). In the group of fruit and cereal desserts mango with banana and passion fruit juice turned out to be the most popular (22%), while among dairy desserts it was vanilla dessert (23%). Out of 30 kinds of juices, parents purchased most frequently carrot and apple juice (52%) and apple juice (37%), while in the group of teas it was fennel tea as well as camomile tea and herbal tea for colds. A total of 33% and 29% parents, respectively, bought the above mentioned teas. Most respondents were of the opinion that the taste of these products was slightly inferior to those prepared at home and the price was too high, but they bought them for their convenience
The aim of the study was the analysis of pro-health nutritional behaviors among 100 female students Medical University of Warsaw tested by the questionnaire method. The results of the study show that nutritional behaviors of students who learned human nutrition were significantly better in accordance with dietary guidelines. The most frequent consumed group of products were fruits and dairy products. Consumption of vegetables, number and regularity of meals had been better among dietetics students then among midwifery and nursing students.
The study was conducted on a group of 556 men. Their manner of nutrition was evaluated by the frequency of consumption of food items during last three months and also a 24 — hour consumption questionnaire was used. Dietary patterns were estimated by cluster analysis. According to the frequency of consumption, three dietary patterns were identified. In three conducted studies during 9 years, increased occurrence of the first dietary pattern, clasified as beneficial, was observed. On the contrary, the occurrence of the least beneficial pattern in nutritional sense was decreased. In each of those three studies, the level of education and physical activity, among others, affected the manner of nutrition.
Dokonano oceny nawyków żywieniowych kohorty studentów w latach 2000- 2003. Pod uwagą wzięto liczbę zjadanych posiłków, dojadanie między posiłkami oraz częstość spożycia wybranych grup produktów. Największy odsetek ankietowanych studentów obu płci spożywał 3 posiłki w ciągu dnia. Odnotowano zmiany w częstości spożycia wybranych produktów spożywczych.
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