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This study was aimed at determining the content of cis9transll C18:2 (CLA) acid and of trans isomers of C18:l and C18:2 acids in fat of mould cheeses originating from various producers (from different countries) available on the market in the city of Olsztyn. Analyses were carried out for 20 types of mould cheeses originating from different EU Member States, i.e. Poland (8 types) as well as Denmark, Germany, France and Italy (3 types from each country). The content of cis9transll C18:2 acid in fat of the analyzed mould cheese originating from Polish producers ranged from 0.25 to 0.64% and did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from that noted in fat extracted from cheeses originating from the other EU Member States. The content of this acid in cheeses from Denmark ranged from 0.50 to 0.54%, in those from Germany - from 0.44 to 0.81%, in those from Italy - from 0.48 to 0.51%, and in those from France - from 0.41 to 0.54% of the total fatty acid composition. Contents of trans isomers of C18:l acid in cheeses from Poland accounted for 1.94 to 2.64% of the total fatty acid composition. A similar content of those isomers was reported in the French cheeses. In turn, in the cheeses originating from Denmark, Germany and Italy the total content of C18:l trans isomers was found to be significantly (p≤0.05) higher. Trans isomers of C18:2 acid analyzed in the Polish cheeses constituted from 0.57 to 0.73%. In the cheeses from Denmark and France they were at a similar level, whereas in the cheeses from Germany and Italy the total content of those isomers was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than in the Polish cheeses. The study demonstrated that the investigated mould cheeses originating from various producers and from various countries, and available on the Olsztyn market, were characterized by similar contents of CLA and diversified contents of trans isomers of C18:1 and C18:2 acids.
Extensive research have indicated that commercial conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), fed to laboratory animals, showed several health-related properties. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of CLA on serum lipid profile, plasma malondialdehyde and liver fatty acids profile in Wistar rats fed for 23 d. The experimental diets were: I-AIN-93G - control (C), II- AIN-93G diet + 1.0% CLA. The CLA oil contained 600 g CLA/kg, with equal representation of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomers. The experimental treatments had no effect on rats body weight, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL+VLDL and malondialdehyde. The triacylglycerol (TG) was significantly decreased after CLA supplementation. Liver weight, fat and histology were unchanged in CLA group. Liver cholesterol was insignificantly decreased in CLA diet. Dietary treatments had significant effects of on proportions of SFA and MUFA and PUFA in liver. In conclusion, CLA decreases serum TG. Additionally, liver fat composition were changed after CLA supplementation
The influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers (CLAmix) and/or Se as Na2SeO3 (SeIV) or selenized yeast (SeY) on the relative body weight gain (RBWG) of rats, pancreas weight, concentrations of CLA isomers and of other fatty acids (FA) in the pancreas were studied. For 6 weeks, female Wistar rats (aged 8 weeks) were fed ad libitum the Labofeed H diet enriched in 1.5% CLAmix, 0.2 ppm Se (LSe), 0.5 ppm Se (HSe) as SeIV (i.e. LSeIV or HSeIV, respectively), or SeY (i.e. LSeY or HSeY, respectively). Each group contained eight rats. The results documented that dietary LSeIV and CLAmix most effectively increased the RBWG of rats and feed conversion efficiency, while the diet with HSeIV most efficiently increased pancreas weight compared with the control rats. The diets enriched in CLAmix and Se as SeIV or SeY increased the sum of saturated fatty acids (SFA), the atherogenic SFA, A-SFA index, thrombogenic SFA (T-SFA), and the T-SFA index in the pancreas of rats compared with the control group. The diets containing CLAmix and Se as SeIV or SeY stimulated the accumulation of cis9trans11CLA, trans10cis12CLA, as well as the sum of all CLA isomers in the pancreas compared with rats fed the diet enriched in CLAmix. These diets increased the concentration of n-6 polyunsaturated FA (n-6 PUFA) and decreased the level of long-chain n-6 PUFA (Ln-6 PUFA) in the pancreas compared with the control rats and rats fed the diets with SeIV or SeY. The diets containing CLAmix and Se (as SeIV or SeY) increased the concentration of n-3 PUFA and Ln-3 PUFA in the pancreas compared with the control rats. Our study findings documenting that dietary Se and/or CLAmix and Se (as SeIV or SeY) considerably increased the concentration of PUFA, especially n-3 PUFA, improved the n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA ratio in the pancreas are valuable information for scientists carrying out research to improve animal and human health.
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLAs) are positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid with have a potential anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammation properties. Metabolites of arachidonic acid - prostaglandins and thromboxans are endogenous mediators of inflammation. Prostaglandin E2 and thromboxan A2 which are a products of two izoformes of cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) in macrophages, play an important role in this process. COX - 1 is a constitutive enzyme, whereas the COX - 2 is inducible and its amount in the cell rapidly increases during inflammation (e.g. via NF B pathway). The aim of the study was to test the effect of CLAs on cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) activity, their mRNA expression and protein content in macrophages. Additionally the active form of the kB (NF B) transcription factor was measured. For the experiments monocytes from monocytic cell line (THP-1) and from human venous blood were used. Monocytes were differentiated to macrophages and cultured with 30 µM CLAs or linoleic acid for 48 h. The COX-1 and COX-2 products - PGE2 and TXB2, were measured by ELISA method. The enzymes (COX-s) activity were estimated by spectroscopic method. mRNA expression and protein analysis were analysed by real-time PCR and Western blot technique. In macrophages cultured with CLAs reduction of TXB2 and PGE2 concentration was observed. Significant change in COX-2 expression in cells cultured with trans-10, cis-12 CLA (in macrophages obtained from peripheral blood) was observed. COX-1 inhibition was resulting from competition of CLA and linoleic acid with arachidonic acid.
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