To investigate the effects of feeding diets differing in the content and in the type of protein, fat and carbohydrates on feeding efficiency and serum cholesterol two experiments on male rats were carried out. In the first the animals were fed semipurified diets containing 8, 12 or 16% of energy from protein with the following ratio of energy from fats to carbohydrate (F/CHO): 1/1, 1/2 and 1/3. In the second experiment eight combined diets containing various sources of protein (casein or soybean concentrate), fat (lard of rapeseed oil) and carbohydrates (sucrose or wheat starch) were used. After 60 days of feeding it was found that feed efficiency, concentrations of serum total cholesterol (TC) and cholesterol in HDL fraction (HDL-C) significantly depended on the amount and source of protein in the diet. The ratio F/CHO and the type of consumed fat effectively modified the influence of dietary protein on serum cholesterol. Rapeseed oil produced significantly higher HDL-C concentration than lard. Dietary sucrose, compared with starch, did not influence feeding efficiency and serum cholesterol. There was a combined effect of fat source — carbohydrate source on body weight and weight/length index but not on the concentration of serum cholesterol in the rat.
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