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In the recent years, goose meat had a constantly decreasing proportion of the world’s poultry production. However, a significant amount of goose meat is produced mainly in Central Europe and Southeastern Asia. During the last decade, production greatly increased in these areas and also worldwide. China has a leading role in the world’s goose meat production. In Europe, the most significant goose meat producers are Hungary and Poland, the latter of which could greatly improve the volume of production in the recent years, thereby representing an increasingly growing competitor for Hungary. This study illustrates the international circumstances of goose production, as well as the tendencies of production and trade. In addition, RCA indexes were used to examine the comparative advantages of goose meat and meat products in the world waterfowl market in the case of the most significant producers of Europe – Hungary and Poland. Consequently, it can be concluded that the two main exporting countries have different, but significant comparative advantages in terms of various meat products.
Humans have developed strong emotional connections with horses throughout the centuries, and horses continue to occupy a special place among other livestock animals. For this reason, horses are reared industrially for slaughter only in some countries. Horse meat is characterized by a high content of protein of high biological value and low levels of fat with a desirable fatty acid profile. Aged horse meat has a long shelf life, and it is an attractive food and raw material for further processing. The high demand for high quality raw horse meat creates new opportunities for breeders, and it could become an alternative or supplementary source of income for traditional livestock farms.
Polish Red (PR) is the native Polish cattle breed included in the FAO National Rare Livestock Breeds Preservation Programme. The breed is characterized by high vitality and fertility, calving ease, resistance to diseases, and low requirements for feed. Milk yield is low, but fat and protein content of milk are high. The frequencies of alleles of commonly studied loci as well as the presence of new or rarely reported DNA polymorphisms were studied in a group of about 300 PR cows belonging to two subpopulations. Moreover, gene frequencies were compared between two PR subpopulations, and with a reference population of the Black-and-White (BW) cattle. The investigation was intended to reveal the genetic specificity of PR and provide new arguments for its protection.Except for loci Pit1 and GH-MspI, the allele frequencies of CSN3, LGB, GH-AluI, GHRH, LEP and PRL genes in PR were found different from those appearing in BW cattle. Although the estimated genetic distance between PR and BW populations appeared very short (0.0146, R=0.986), variants of several genes identified in PR were found absent or very rare in BW cattle. These included the LGBI variant, 11-bp deletion in MSTN gene, as well as several unique nucleotide sequence variants of 5’-noncoding regions of CSN1S1, CSN1S2, GH, and PRL genes. At loci CSN3, LGB, IGF1 and GH-AluI significant differences were found also between the two PR subpopulations studied.
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