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Compression isotherms of mixed monomolecular layers at water-air interface, formed of lecithin (DPPC) and an organometallic compound (Me3PbCl, Me3SnCl, Et3PbCl, Et3SnCl) at various molar fractions (x = 0.0,0.2,0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) were studied. It was found that compression isotherms of the pure organometallic compounds (x = 1.0), in the range of mean molecular areas of 1.0 nm2 and ca. 0.15 nm2, did not show any practical increase in surface pressure. The isobaric relationship between mean molecular areas and molar fraction of an organometallic modifier are linear for most of the pressures chosen, which follows from analysis of the experimental isotherms obtained and demonstrates the ideal behaviour of the system under study. All the compounds studied form nearly ideally-behaving systems with lecithin. Presumably, the effects observed may be the result of molecular aggregation on the water phase surface, which in a mixed monolayer may lead to separation of the phases: organometallic compound - lecithin.
This work presents the results of an experimental study and of computer simulations concerning electric interactions in the surface layer of egg yolk lecithin (EYL) liposome membranes. The surface layer is formed by EYL polar heads, which possess features of electric dipoles, and positive charged polar heads belonging to admixtures of quaternary ammonium salts (AS). The results of the experimental study are in good agreement with the ones of the computer simulations. It was found that fluidity of the membranes, at a given concentration of AS, obtains the extremal (minimal) value. Similarly, the binding energy of the dipoles-positive charges system behaves like that in computer simulations. Moreover, the locations of the fluidity extremum and those of the binding energy depend on the charge of the AS polar heads as well as on the degree of electric interactions screening by the environment. At a certain optimal value of the screening coefficient, the energy of the system is the lowest (the most negative) and together with the rise in AS charge, the minimum of the energy moves towards its higher concentrations.
Capacity and electric resistance of lipid membranes composed of lecithin and cholesterol were determined. The components were chosen for the study because they were present in biological membranes. Capacitance of the lecithin and cholesterol membranes amounts to 0.38 and 0.61 μF/cm2, and resistance to 1.44xl04 and 2.12x 106 Ω cm2, respectively. A 1:1 complex appears as a result of lecithin-cholesterol membrane formation. Parameters of the membrane formed of the lecithin-cholesterol complex were determined: surface concentration (Γ3), capacitance (C3), and conductance (R 31), as well as the stability constant (K) of the complex. The mean values of those magnitudes are as follows: 4.265xl0-6 mol/m2, 0.54 μF/cm2, 1.381xl0-6 Ω-1 cm-2 and 3.748x107, respectively.
In the paper the results of chosen cooking quality measurements of precooked pasta with emulsifiers addition are presented. The influence of glycerol monostearate and lecithin addition in the amount of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% of flour weight were tested. The expansion ratio, water absorption, cooking losses, minimal preparation time and sensory assessment of dry and hydrated samples were performed for extrusion-cooked pasta products. The addition of glycerol monostearate (stronger) and lecithin (less) lowered radial expansion ratio and water absorption of the examined pasta as compared to the pasta without any additive. Limited cooking losses were observed for precooked pasta with glycerol monostearate addition. Good quality was confirmed for pasta with the addition of 0.25% glycerol monostearate.
We studied the electric properties of phosphatidylcholine bilayers modified with crown ether (dibenzo[18] crown-6). The studies were carried out for various crown ether concentrations in forming solutions and various potassium ion concentrations in electrolyte solutions. The presence of crown ether in the membrane influences the membrane's impedance; there is a reduction in its resistivity, a decrease in its resistance of phase transfer and an increase in its capacity of phase transfer with an increase in crown ether concentration in the bilayer and in K+ ion concentration in the electrolyte solution.
 The pre-β HDL fraction constitutes a heterogeneous population of discoid nascent HDL particles. They transport from 1 to 25 % of total human plasma apo A-I. Pre-β HDL particles are generated de novo by interaction between ABCA1 transporters and monomolecular lipid-free apo A-I. Most probably, the binding of apo A-I to ABCA1 initiates the generation of the phospholipid-apo A-I complex which induces free cholesterol efflux. The lipid-poor nascent pre-β HDL particle associates with more lipids through exposure to the ABCG1 transporter and apo M. The maturation of pre-β HDL into the spherical α-HDL containing apo A-I is mediated by LCAT, which esterifies free cholesterol and thereby forms a hydrophobic core of the lipoprotein particle. LCAT is also a key factor in promoting the formation of the HDL particle containing apo A-I and apo A-II by fusion of the spherical α-HDL containing apo A-I and the nascent discoid HDL containing apo A-II. The plasma remodelling of mature HDL particles by lipid transfer proteins and hepatic lipase causes the dissociation of lipid-free/lipid-poor apo A-I, which can either interact with ABCA1 transporters and be incorporated back into pre-existing HDL particles, or eventually be catabolized in the kidney. The formation of pre-β HDL and the cycling of apo A-I between the pre-β and α-HDL particles are thought to be crucial mechanisms of reverse cholesterol transport and the expression of ABCA1 in macrophages may play a main role in the protection against atherosclerosis.
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