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This work presents electrophoretic seed globulin data obtained for 173 accessions representing nine Vicia species of the section Faba, which were already investigated for electrophoretic seed albumin patterns (PRZYBYLSKA, ZIMNIAK-PRZYBYLSKA, in press). Electrophoretic analysis of seed globulins was performed using sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In the examined material totally 38 well-defined polypeptide bands, in the relative molecular mass range of 19-61 kDa, were distinguished. The presence/absence of particular bands was recorded for each analysed individual. The electrophoretic data were used for hierarchical grouping of the examined taxa, based on calculated Bhattacharyya distances. V. bithynica proved to be the most distinctive member of Vicia section Faba. In turn, V. faba was clearly different from species of the V. narbonensis complex. Taxa of this complex formed two clusters: one consisting of V. narbonensis varieties and another - of the remaining species. In the latter group, V. serratifolia appeared to be rather distantly related to V. eristalioides, V. galilaea, V. hyaeniscyamus, V. Johannis and V. kalakhensis. The obtained results are compared with the corresponding seed albumin data and discussed with reference to taxonomie relationships in Vicia section Faba.
Cruciferin was separated from the rapeseed crude proteins using salting out with ammonium sulphate and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. Then, so obtained protein fraction was separated using a micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with SDS as a the surfactant. Nine peaks with migration times between 14.33 and 20.48 min were recorded on the chromatogram. The main cruciferin subfractions were characterised with molecular mass of 22 000 and 33 000 determined using MEKC technique. UV spectra showed that cruciferin protein appears as a complex with phenolic acids.
Glycation (non-enzymatic glycosylation) is a spontaneous reaction that occurs during food processing, storage and preparation of food, which can have a significant influence on physiochemical and biological properties of food proteins. Glycation has been used mostly for improvement of functional properties of proteins although there is increasing concern of possible changes in biologic properties of glycation products. The influence of dry-heat glycation with glucose on immunoreactive properties of wheat salt-soluble proteins has been studied. It has been shown that glycation caused differences in electrophoretic patterns (both 1D and 2D), as well as in Western-immunoblotting with rabbit IgG and human IgE. A significant increase in immunoreactivity has been observed, as well as a decrease in free amino group. Thermostable, immunoreactive and susceptible for glycation protein band with molecular weight of approximately 13 kDa (by SDS-PAGE) has been selected for the N-terminal sequence analysis and determined to be an alpha-amylase inhibitor. Dry heat glycation is a very potent but nondestructive method of protein glycation, that leads to high degree of substitution and changes in both physicochemical and biological (immunological) properties of food proteins.
The experimental material comprised 20 adult Wistar rats aged 12 weeks, divided into two equal groups (control and experimental) including five males and five females each. From the first day of the experiment, the experimental group was fed Murigran feed supplemented with ß-l,3/l,6-D-glucan (Biolex Beta-HP) at a dosage of 12-19 mg/rat/d, depending on body weight, while the control animals were administered the same feed without any additives. On days 1 and 14 of the experiment, arterial blood samples were collected and diluted with heparin, and then the following parameters were determined: total protein and γ-globulin contents, lysozyme and ceruloplasmin activities, the proliferative response of blood lymphocytes after stimulation with LPS or ConA, metabolic activity, and the potential killing activity of phagocytes. The results showed that Biolex-Beta HP modulated the selected parameters of specific and non-specific humoral and cellular immunity in rats.
Determination of soluble protein amino acid content isolated from bird cherry leaves during the spring development (April-May) was done using of ion-exchange chromatography. The fifteen amino acids were identified and determined. It was affirmed that valine was predominant among the all studied amino acids. Obtained results indicate that during spring maturing of bird cherry leaves increases the soluble protein concentration and total amino acid content of analysed protein fraction. It was shown the occurrence statistically significant seasonal changes in the content of ten amino acids: aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, methionine, threonine and serine.
The studies were conducted on 60 Polish Large White piglets of both sexes, coming from commercial farms and raised under standard sanitary conditions. They were divided into two groups. Group I - control - consisted of 30 healthy piglets, showing no clinical disease symptoms. Group II - experimental - included 30 piglets with symptoms of diarrhea. Clinical and biochemical tests were performed on all of them at the age of 7, 21 and 35d (7 d after weaning). Microbiological and post-mortem examinations were carried out on 18 animals selected at random from both groups. The research results indicate that an increase in the level of C-reactive protein in piglets suffering from catarrhal enteritis does not exceed 100% of the level determined in healthy animals.
The biochemical characteristics of tench, Tinea tinea (L.), stocking material were examined with regard to the following parameters prior to and after wintering: bactericidal activity of the blood serum; blood glucose level (BG); total proteins (TP); blood serum protein fractions (albumins, and α-, β-, and γ-globulins). The study was conducted over the course of three years (1996 - 1998) on clinically healthy two-summer-old (fall) and two-year-old (spring) tench that ranged in body weight from 30 to 80 g. The study indicated that one of the parameters that characterized the resistance of tench in the wintering period was the relative stability of the bactericidal activity of the blood serum. Seasonal dynamics in the levels of blood glucose and total serum proteins were determined, and the levels of the former were higher in fall and lower in spring. The specific metabolic nature of different protein fractions in the blood serum of tench was characterized by percentage decreases of albumins and α- and γ-globulins and by increases of β-globulins.
Physiological parameters (vigour and viability, total protein, albumin and globulin contents) were studied in yellow lupin seeds stored for 20 years at -14ºC, 0ºC and at room temperature (approx. 20ºC). The storage of yellow lupin cv. Iryd seeds, at room temperature resulted in viability decrease to 2% and increased seed leachate. No evident differences could be observed in vigour and viability of seeds stored at lowered (0ºC and -14 ºC) temperatures. Protein content was the lowest in seeds stored at +20 ºC and the highest in seeds stored at -14ºC.
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the most common diseases in modern society. A large number of studies are in progress aiming to identify natural substances that would be effective in reducing the severity of ALD. Although there are currently a number of drugs on the market, their long-term use can have numerous side effects. Hemidesmus indicus is an indigenous Ayurvedic medicinal plant used in soft drinks in India. In this study, we examined the effects of its ethanolic root extract on experimental liver damage in order to evaluate its hepatoprotective effects against hepatotoxicity induced in rats by ethanol at a dosage of 5 g/kg body weight for 60 days. The H. indicus root extract was given at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight for the last 30 days of the experiment. The animals were monitored for food intake and weight gain. The liver was analysed for the degree of lipid peroxidation using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and antioxidant status using the activities of glutathione-depedendant enzymes. The degree of liver damage was analysed using serum marker enzyme activities, the total protein, albumin, globulin, ceruloplasmin and liver glycogen contents, and the A/G ratio. The Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) of the liver tissues were recorded in the region of 4000–400 cm−1. The ethanol-fed rats showed significantly elevated liver marker enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation levels and reduced antioxidant levels as compared to the control rats. Oral administration of H. indicus for the latter 30 days resulted in an increased food intake and weight gain, decreased TBARS levels, near normal levels of glutathione-dependent enzymes, increased total protein, albumin, globulin and liver glycogen contents, an increased A/G ratio, and decreased liver marker enzyme activities and ceruloplasmin levels. The relative intensity of the liver FT-IR bands for the experimental groups were found to be altered significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control samples. For the group that had H. indicus co-administered with ethanol, the intensity of the bands was near normal. Moreover, the results of the FT-IR study correlated with our biochemical results.
W pracy przedstawiono zawartość frakcji białkowych w nasionach ałyczy, stratyfikowanych w podłożu z dodatkiem herbicydów. Zastosowano: Gardoprim 80, Gesaprim Combi, Caragarde, Semparol w dawkach: 0.5, 1.0 i 2.0 kg/ha. Stwierdzono, że w miarę ustępowania spoczynku nasion ałyczy, następowały zmiany ilościowe i jakościowe we frakcjach białka. Zawartość albumin zwiększała się od drugiego do czternastego tygodnia stratyfikacji, natomiast obniżała się w osiemnastym tygodniu. Globuliny stanowiły główną frakcję białek. Ich zawartość po dwóch tygodniach wzrosła i trwała do 10 tygodnia, a od 14 tygodnia do końca stratyfikacji nastąpił spadek. Ilość białek prolaminopodobnych i glutelinopodobnych w czasie ustępowania spoczynku nasion ałyczy ulegała systematycznemu obniżaniu. Badane herbicydy zwiększały ilość albumin, globulin, białek prolaminopodobnych i glutelinopodobnych. Najwięcej albumin zawierały nasiona z podłoży traktowanych herbicydami w dawce 0.5 kg.ha, natomiast globulin, białek prolaminopodobnych i glutelinopodobnych w dawce 2.0 kg/ha.
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Effect fo storage on faba beans proteins

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The purpose of this work was to characterize some physico-chemical properties of proteins in raw and stored Tibo faba beans. The storage caused that the faba bean proteins were partialy degraded and hydrolysed, which resulted in a decreased content of albumins, globulins, and amino acids in stored seeds. The nutritional value of proteins decreased due to loss of essential amino acids and lower susceptibility of the proteins to proteolytic enzymes. Opposite to globulins, trypsin released more non-protein nitrogen from albumins than pepsin. The yield of extraction of albumins and globulins decreased upon storage and some modification in the protein conformations, most probably due to aggregation, dissociation and glycation, could have been hypothesized.
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