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Key competences as a way to creative development

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Preparation of young people to handle challenges of information society and to maximally benefit from possibilities created by this society has been included among the most important objectives in various education systems in Europe. This made politicians, dealing with education, revise the curricula and teaching methods, which consequently increased the level of interests in key competences as elements which determine the success of an individual in subsequent participation in the society. Competences are defined as combination of knowledge, skills and attitudes appropriate for the. Key competences are those, which are needed by every one for their self - fulfillment and personal development, for being an active citizen, for social integration and employment. Eight key competences have been established: 1. Communication in the mother tongue. 2. Communication in foreign languages. 3. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology. 4. Digital competence. 5. Learning to learn. 6. Social and civic competences. 7. Sense of initiative and entrepreneurship. 8. Cultural awareness and expression. Pursuant to the Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 on key competencies for lifelong learning, the Academy of Podlasie in Siedlce, in the partnership with the Foundation for Lubelskie Development and in cooperation with the Paweł Włodkowic Higher School in Płock, began in September 2008 implementation of the Project entitled „Key competences as the way to creative development”, co-financed by the European Union from the European Social Fund. The project involves development of three competences: 1. Communication in foreign languages. 2. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology. 3. Cultural awareness and expression.
Unemployment, which also hits people with higher education, is one of the major socio-economic problems in Poland. This unfavourable situation is caused by the wrong conception of higher education which doesn't prepare graduates for employers' requirements. Curriculum strategies that have been followed contributed to the situation where many faculties at universities are perceived as the admission pass to professions poorly paid or even as those ones that don't give the opportunity of finding any job in the future. The author of this paper presents results of research performed among graduates of geographical studies in the system of two-stage studies (Bachelor's three-year studies and Master's two-year studies) and Master's five year-studies at Pedagogical University of Cracow. The main aims of this research were as follows: • Getting to know how graduates assess the competences acquired during their studies. These competences are regarded as the key ones in tuning research on a European scale; • Getting to know geographical studies graduates' plans, expectations and attitudes towards challenges of labour market. The results obtained proved that geography graduates, especially those with Bachelor's degree assessed most of the key competences as good and very good. Criteria which are taken into account while choosing a job are not dependent on money. The dominant criteria are the ability to join work with passions and the prospects for professional development. Respondents declared the intention to look for a job in the education sector and the civil service by means of the direct contact with an employer.
The segment of young consumers meets a particular interest on the side of both market researchers and business. As it was noticed in the report Bogactwo mądrości - spełnianie potrzeb starszych konsumentów. “The prevailing in recent decades cult of youth has shaped the way in which firms perceive the consumer. Though at present the bigger and bigger and more and more influential group of consumers are individuals aged 50+, the majority of suppliers of products and services have still been designing and adjusting their offer only to the young generation” (Deloitte, 2012). It is this group of consumers which is perceived as one of potential and innovative consumers. Hence the knowledge of the young people’s financial standing, competences, behaviour is of substantial cognitive and applicative importance. An aim of the article is to present the young Poles’ financial standing in the light of findings of the survey for the National Register of Debts as well as the selected competences of young consumers based on results of the quantitative (main) survey carried out among 1000 Poles (recognised as at least minimally competent) in August 2013, for two groups: individuals aged 18 - 29 accounting for 26% and, for comparison, aged 30 - 39 accounting for 14% of the population surveyed. The survey was carried out with the use of a questionnaire of the survey by the CATI (computer-assisted telephone interview) method. The surveys carried out by NRD show that more than 1/3 of young Poles receive money from parents or family, or have bills paid thereby. Independently able to subsist is every fourth 25 - 30-years old individual and as much as 14% 30-years old ones. Young people are more often satisfied than dissatisfied with their financial standing. Almost every second young Pole is satisfied or very satisfied with their financial standing; only 23% are dissatisfied or highly dissatisfied. As much as 30% of the respondents were unable to evaluate their standing. Young Poles’ households’ incomes are highly diversified. On average, young Poles’ families have at their disposal the amount of 2,669 zlotys per month. Living on credit is for many young people the only possibility to start their independent lives. Almost one half of Poles up to the age of 35 years availed themselves with credits and loans whenever. In turn, the authors’ surveys indicate that financial competences of young Poles require educational activities whose need is indicated by the respondents. Many young people do not plan their budget or special purpose spending, do not prepare a purchase list, although many young people display high self-assessment of their competences as regards finance management. The presented research findings have the cognitive and applicative character. The article is of the research nature.
Introduction: Dissonance between the high ‘technical’ competences of medical professionals, including paramedics or emergency medical technicians (EMT), and the relatively low level of patient satisfaction with care received, is a phenomenon observed in many countries. Many studies show that it occurs in the case of an inadequate interpersonal communication between medical professionals and patients. The primary goal of the presented research was evaluation of the level (study of the state) of communication competences of paramedics, and determination of the factors on which this level depends. An additional goal was analysis of the needs and educational possibilities within the existing models of education in the area of interpersonal communication provided by higher medical education institutions. Methods: The following three methods were used: 1) documentation analysis (standards, plans and educational programmes); 2) diagnostic survey concerning professional communication competences of paramedics; 3) self-reported communication skills in emergency medical services – adjective check list. The last two instruments were subject to standardization from the aspect of reliability and validity. The study group covered a total of 105 respondents in the following subgroups: 1) professional paramedics who, as a rule, were not trained in interpersonal communication (31 respondents); paramedic students covered by a standard educational programme (54 respondents); 3) paramedic students who, in addition to a standard educational programme, attended extra courses in professional interpersonal communications (20 respondents). Results: The results of studies indicate poor efficacy of shaping communication competences of paramedics based on education in the area of general psychology and general interpersonal communication. Communication competences acquired by paramedics during undergraduate education are subject to regression during occupational activity. Discussion: Methods of evaluating communication competences are useful in constructing group and individual programmes focused on specific communication competences, rather than on general communication skills.
Systemic transformation taking place in Poland for many years now, have included all fields of the economy. It is particularly visible on the level of society education. The implemented reform of education system introduced thorough structural and curricular changes. New subjects were introduced, such as nature, information and communication technologies, which refers to civilizational achievements. A school was entrusted with accomplishing a very important task of getting young people ready to live in a knowledge-based society, because knowledge and skills account today for the greatest treasure of societies. Ambitious tasks were entrusted also to the teachers. Adaptation to development of technology and application of digital devices in teaching subjects was one of these tasks. The aim of this article is to define the influence of education transformation on improving key competence in geography teaching. Presentation of the results of the conducted research concerning level of application of new technologies in schools, diversity of curricula and teachers' approach to new technologies in geography teaching with awareness of very high informatics competence of the contemporary students was a mean to achieve this goal. Also methodical and substantial solutions improving teachers' qualifications are proposed. Significant questions arise: is e-school, development of which has been observed in the recent years, going to raise effectiveness of education? And is a contemporary teacher - follower of constructivism - applying various teaching methods going to facilitate development of particular key competence of 21st century?
A significant part amongst various factors causing fear in modern people is related to professional work. First, a person fears that they will not be employed, then that they will not meet the requirements, and eventually that they will be dismissed. In contemporary organizations, often called knowledge organizations, competence plays a special role in alleviation of the sense of fear.
An increased interest in sales as a function of the Slovak industrial enterprises has been caused by the increasing activity of enterprises within the European space, in which they are developing their sales effectiveness under the conditions of radical changes of markets. Due to the consequences of demand of a permanently sustainable economic growth, the requirements concerning the sales staff and their approaches to the market supply of organisations are changing. The article shows the features and competence of the sales people of Slovak enterprises as for the sales managers as well as the approaches of the sales people to the presentation of offer. On the basis of characteristics of the sales staff and its basic dimensions it presents the research results, which illustrate the present situation in the sphere of Slovak industrial enterprises. Finally the article shows not only the positive aspects of the present sales people of the Slovak industrial enterprises but also the ones which can become a source of revealing the unexpressed needs of customers.
Objectives. The aim of the study is to determine the relevance of the SR test for body suppleness testing. Methods. The study sample comprised 20 female students from a ballet school and 20 secondary school students who did not practice ballet, all aged 17. Their torso suppleness was tested using the SR test. The sectional mobility of the spine and hip joints was estimated with the Penny & Giles tensometric electrogoniometer. The material was analyzed statistically, and the percentage share of the respective spine and hip joint sections was determined in the performed SR test. Results. The ballet dancers were characterised by limited mobility of the cervical spine (6.5%) and the lumbar spine (49.5%) as well as an increase in the range of hip joint movement (47%) in comparison with the control group. Nevertheless, the SR test indicated greater torso suppleness in dancers (by 48%). Conclusions. In ballet dancers, unlike the controls, sit and reach test results are determined mostly by the mobility of hip joints. The disadvantage of the test is its global measurement without the percentage share of the joints. In comparison with persons without any disorders, individuals with spinal hypomobility may obtain better results owing to their hip joint hypermobility. Therefore, the above mentioned test should not be used in clinical diagnostics to assess joint mobility and muscle flexibility.
Artykuł prezentuje najważniejsze koncepcje konkurencyjności współczesnego przedsiębiorstwa: podejście sektoralne (pozycji rynkowej) Portera, teorię zasobową, podejście relacyjne, paradygmat OLI oraz koncepcję kompetencji klientów.
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