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1

Relationship between soluble carbohydrate level and tolerance of meadow fescue callus to Bipolaris sorokiniana [Sacc.] Shoem. and Drechslera dictyoides [Drechsl.] Shoem. metabolites

100%
Plazek A.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
1998
|
tom 20
|
nr 4
The aim of the presented work was the search for the relationship between the level of soluble carbohydrates in callus tissues of eight meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) cultivars and their growth ability on media containing Bipolaris sorokiniana and Drechslera dictyoides metabolites. Calli were induced from mature grains using the method previously described (Płażek 1994). Callus obtained from single caryopsis was cut into three pieces which were weighted and put on the media with or without pathogen metabolites. Tissue selection was performed by means of “double-layer culture” technique (Lepoivre et al. 1986). After two-week culture in the darkness at temp. of 25°C the calli were weighted again. The sugar level in tissue was measured by means of colorimetric method of Klein & Weissman according to Snell (1961). Fresh mass decrease of calli developing on the media with fungus metabolites was observed by all studied object. The tolerance of calli of the tested cultivars to metabolites of both pathogens was significantly different. However, significant similarity between the tolerance of calli of particular varietes to both fungi was noted. The soluble carbohydrate contents in control tissue of all studied cultivars were similar and their values ranged between 2.4 and 3 % of fresh mass. B. sorokiniana metabolites caused a significant decrease of the sugar content in calli, while D. dictyoides metabolites did not decrease the sugar level.
2

Optimum dietary carbohydrate requirement of rohu, Labeo rohita [Hamilton], fingerlings

100%
Saha A. K., Ray A. K.
Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria
|
2001
|
tom 31
|
nr 1
A laboratory feeding trial was conducted for 80 days using rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings (5.67 ±0.25 g) to evaluate the optimum dietary carbohydrate level. Five semipurified diets containing 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50% carbohydrate (diets D1 to D5) were formulated and fed to triplicate groups of fish. All the diets were isonitrogenous (35% protein) and almost isocaloric. Fish performance in terms of average live weight gain (%), SGR (%/day) and FCR was best with 40% carbohydrate level. Significantly (P < 0.05) poor growth of fish also was noticed in the groups reared on diets with 30 and 35% levels of dietary carbohydrate, however, no significant difference in PER and ANPU (%) was obtained with diets D2 and D3. Although no significant difference in apparent protein digestibility was recorded up to 45% dietary carbohydrate level, lipid, ash, dry matter, and energy digestibilities were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher for the diets D2 and D3. These two dietary treatments also resulted in higher deposition of protein and lipid and lower moisture and ash contents in the fish muscle. Amylolytic and proteolytic enzyme activities also were estimated to be higher in the groups of fish fed 35% and 40% carbohydrate diets. The study indicated that a minimum level of 40% dietary carbohydrate is required (protein content being 35%) for optimum growth, feed conversion and nutrient utilisation in rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings.
3

Relationship between carbohydrate level and infectivity, development of Fusarium Wilts under the yellow lupine germination

100%
Morkunas I.
Polish Journal of Natural Sciences. Supplement
|
2003
|
tom 01
4

Changes in soluble carbohydrate level in Hordeum vulgare [L.] and Festuca pratensis [Huds.] calli treated with metabolites of Bipolaris sorokiniana [Sacc.] Shoem

80%
Plazek A., Niemczyk E.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2000
|
tom 22
|
nr 4
5

Effects of different dietary fat and carbohydrate levels on culture efficiency indices and glucose and triacylglycerol levels in carp [Cyprinus carpio L.] kept in heated water

80%
Stepanowska K.
Folia Universitatis Agriculturae Stetinensis. Piscaria
|
2000
|
tom 26
6

Effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate levels on growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and nitrogen metabolism in rohu, Labeo rohita [Hamilton], fingerlings

80%
Dalal S., Bhattacharya S., Ray A. K.
Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria
|
2001
|
tom 31
|
nr 2
A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the interactive effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate levels on growth, feed utilization efficiency, and nitrogen metabolism in rohu, Labeo rohita fingerlings (mean weight 4.06 ±0.08 g). Nine purified diets prepared with 25, 35, and 40 % protein level each having 15, 25, and 35 % carbohydrate were fed to nine different feeding groups at the rate of 3% of body weight in triplicate treatments. Better performance of fish in terms of percent weight gain, SGR, FCR, and PER was observed with increasing percentage of carbohydrate at a given protein level. Protease and α-amylase activities increased with increase in dietary protein and carbohydrate levels, respectively. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activities varied significantly in some groups. No significant difference among different groups regarding glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activity was observed. Ammonia excretion was found to increase with increased consumption of dietary protein and carbohydrate and was highest in the groups of fish fed 40% protein diet suggesting active nitrogen metabolism in these.
7
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Seasonal patterns of free proline and carbohydrate levels in cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) and ivy (Hederea helix) leaves and resistance to freezing and water deficit

71%
Bandurska H., Plachta M., Woszczyk M.
Dendrobiology
|
2009
|
tom 62
3-9
Seasonal changes in the levels of water-soluble carbohydrates, free proline and tolerance to freezing and water deficit were studied in leaves of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) and ivy (Hedera helix). Frost and water deficit tolerance was estimated based on the measurement of electrical conductivity of aqueous media containing leaf discs that were previously treated with frost (–7°C) or polyethylene glycol solution (PEG 600), respectively. Carbohydrate content in leaves of examined species changed differently throughout the measurement period. In laurel leaves the highest carbohydrate level was found in February, while it was lowest in June. In contrast, in ivy leaves the highest carbohydrate content was recorded during summer (June, July), while the lowest in February. However, a lack of correlation between soluble carbohydrate level and membrane injury index was shown in this study. Free proline content in leaves of investigated species was the highest in early spring, i.e. April. The lowest level of free proline in laurel leaves was found in July, September and October, but in ivy from July to February. A negative correlation between proline content and membrane injury index observed in frost and PEG treated leaves of both species suggest that this amino acid may have resulted on membrane protection.
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