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Apple trees yielding and fruit quality depending on the crop load, branch type and position in the crown

100%

Szot I., Lipa T.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2019

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tom 18

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nr 2

The study was conducted from 2013 to 2015 on 10–13-year-old apple trees cv. ‘Szampion’ (M.9. rootstock) in experimental orchard of Department of Pomology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. On the trees intensively flowering in 2013, the thinning treatments were performed as follows: thinning at the pink bud stage to the 50% of flower clusters leaving only a king flower in the remaining flower clusters; thinning at the pink bud stage to the 50% of flower clusters leaving only one lateral flower in the remaining flower clusters, thinning 4 weeks after full bloom to the 50% of fruit clusters leaving only a fruit from king flower in the remaining fruit clusters, thinning 4 weeks after full bloom to the 50% of fruit clusters leaving only one fruit from lateral flower in the remaining fruit clusters. Intensively flowering control trees in 2013 and poorly flowering trees in 2013 were left unthinned. The best results in terms of regularity of yielding and high-quality fruits after thinning at pink bud stage to king flower, were obtained. The largest fluctuations in yields were observed with the control tree that flowered poorly in the beginning of the study. It was found that the cultivar ‘Szampion’ is characterized by equal distribution of fruits in lower and middle parts of crown, however in the top of crown, the amount of fruits is significantly lower. Apples with the largest mean fruit weight were from spurs on wood older than two years. However the best flesh firmness, soluble solids and dry matter content was detected in fruits from brindles.

2

Ethylene evolution intensity and apple fruit setting after thinning with NAA and ethephon

100%

Gonkiewicz A.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

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2011

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tom 19

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nr 1

The experiment took place in 2006 and 2008. In 2007, the study did not take place due to severe damage to the buds and flowers caused by a spring frost. The subjects of the experiment were 14-year-old 'Sampion' apple trees grafted on the MM 106 rootstock. The auxin NAA, at the concentrations of 20 and 60 mgl-1, and ethephon, at the concentrations of 200 and 600 mg l-1, were used in the experiment. Spraying was carried out at the end of blooming, after 80% of the petals had fallen off the crown. Five days after spraying, the quantity of ethylene evolved from the fruitlets was measured. Large quantities of ethylene evolving were observed after spraying with ethephon, especially when used at 600 mg l-1. Spraying with auxin solutions caused large quantities of ethylene to be observed only during the first year of the study, two days after spraying with the 60 mg l-1 solution of NAA. From the third day after spraying with NAA, ethylene evolution from the fruitlets was observed to be only slightly higher than in the control. During the second year of the study, treatment with NAA caused a slight increase in ethylene evolution only during the first day after treatment. During subsequent days the evolved quantity of ethylene did not differ significantly from the control. In spite of the significant difference in the quantity of the ethylene evolved from the fruitlets, the percentage of the fruitlets was similar after using the agents at the higher concentrations: ethephon at 600 mgl-1 and NAA at 60 mgl-1, as well as at the lower concentrations. The treatments had only a slight influence on the reduction in the total yield. However, they were found to have a favourable influence on fruit size. The results of the study show a higher percentage of fruit with a diameter exceeding 7 cm in the total yield.

3

Thinning of fruit sets on Sampion apple trees

100%

Nosal K., Poniedzialek W.

Acta Agraria et Silvestria. Series Agraria

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2002-2003

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tom 41

In the years 1999-2001 in the Garlica Murowana Experimental Station the thinning of fruit sets on Sampion apple trees was carried out manually or chemically with urea. The effects of the treatments on fruit setting, total yield, and the weight and diameter of fruit were investigated. Manual thinning of fruit sets effected a decrease in the number and an increase in the weight of apples. Urea applied at the end of blooming strongly thinned the fruit sets yet it favourably affected the weight of apples. The results of the experiment show that spraying trees with urea by the end of April and a week after blooming favourably affects the yield of' fruit.

4

The effect of rootstock and age trees on the growth and cropping of Szampion cultivar apple trees

100%

Kaplan M., Baryla P.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2005

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tom 04

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nr 1

In 2001–2003 on Sandomierska Upland researches were done in order to estimate the influence of the rootstock and the age on the growth and yielding of the ‘Szampion’ trees. This cultivar was grafted on P60 and M.26 rootstock. It was stated that the ‘Szampion’ had given abundant crops (73–113 t/ha on average) due to magnificent conditions of Sandomierska Upland. The height of the yield depended in a significant way on the rootstock (six-year-old trees on P60 yielded considerably better than on M.26) and the age of trees – the trees on M.26 younger by 2 years provided a significantly better yield. The growth and quality of fruits of the ‘Szampion’ depended on the age of scrutinized trees. The proportion of fruit with the diameter of more than 7.0 cm in all the studied combinations exceeded 80% and it was the highest in the trees on P60.

5

The effect of apple seed stratification with growth regulators on breaking the dormancy of seeds, the growth of seedlings and chlorophyll fluorescence

84%

Gornik K., Grzesik M., Janas R., Zurawicz E., Chojnowska E., Goralska R.

Journal of Horticultural Research

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2018

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tom 26

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nr 1

6

Influence of NPK minerals and biostimulants on the growth, yield, and fruit nutritional value in cv. ‘Sampion’ apple trees growing on different rootstocks

84%

Kiczorowski P.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2019

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tom 18

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nr 1

The study was conducted in 2015–2017 to assess the influence of rootstocks on the growth and fruiting of apple trees of cv.‘Šampion’ cultivated on rootstocks M26, P2. M9, and P22 with the following treatments: mineral fertilization (NPK), nano-concentrations of elements (Fe, Co, Al, Mg, Mn, Ni, Ag), natural chicken manure fertiliser, humus, microbial product, plant amino acids, and stillage yeasts. ‘Šampion’ apple trees grew vigorously on rootstocks M26 and P2 when humus and microbiological biostimulants were applied, especially in terms of the shoot diameter and TCSA. The best fruit yield and quality parameters were obtained in apple trees growing on rootstocks M9 and M26 fertilised with microbiological biostimulants and formulations containing plant amino acids. Apples with the highest concentration of nutrients, in particular minerals, were harvested from trees growing on rootstocks M9 and P22 and stimulated with nanoparticle mineral preparations and humus formulations.

7

Effect of different tree training systems on growth and yielding of two apple cultivars

84%

Rutkowski K., Kantorowicz-Bak M., Pacholak E.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

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2009

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tom 17

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nr 1

49-59

Experiment with different training systems of apple trees 'Śampion' and 'Topaz' grafted on M.26 rootstock was established in the Experimental Orchard at the Agricultural and Pomicultural Experimental Farm in Przybroda near Poznań, belonging to Department of Pomology, University of Life Sciences in Poznań Maiden apple trees were planted in the spring 2002 at two densities: 3.5 x 2.0 m (1428 trees ha-1) and 3.5 x 1.0 m (2857 trees ha-1). Depending on the spacing of the trees, nine different tree trainings were applied. Trees of both cultivars planted most densely were trained in the following forms: V from Güttingen, Hytec, spindle, axis and spindle form from Bodensee Lake. Trees planted at the wider spacing had the following forms: double spindle, Drylling and Mikado. Each training system had 4 replications (five trees in each replication). Comparison of apple tree training system has shown that the growth and yield of trees depends more on the genetic traits whereas tree form changes the orchard architecture. Observations confirm the high values of the Drylling and Mikado crown forms, which require a moderate labour input for their formation and maintenance during fruiting time.

8

Quality and storage properties of ‘Sampion’ apples as affected by different biofertilizers

84%

Blaszczyk J., Gastol M.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2009

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tom 536

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different bioferilizers on the yield, fruit quality and storage properties of ‘Sampion’ apples. Foliar sprays of AlgaminoPlant and Goëmar BM 86 were conducted once or three times, whereas HumiPlant was used for ground spraying. An assessment of the total yield, mean weight of fruit, fruit firmness (FF), soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) was performed at harvest as well as after the storage period (150 days). The obtained data indicate an overall beneficial effect on the yield and its quality. Foliar sprays increased the total yield of the investigated apple trees. Goëmar BM 86 and HumiPlant significantly enhanced the mean fruit weight as compared to the control. Apples treated with Goëmar BM 86 showed the highest fruit firmness and soluble solids content, however titratable acidity was at the lowest level. Treated apples revealed a lower organic acids reduction after the storage.

9

The influence of Floredux, MaxCel and Brevis on the yield of apple trees cv. Sampion

67%

Szot I., Lipa T., Dobrzanski jr. B., Kaplan M., Baryla P.

Acta Agrophysica

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2018

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tom 25

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nr 4

Flower or fruitlet thinning is one of the cultural practices used for improving the fruit quality and regulation of yield. The effect of ATS (FloreduX), 6-BA (MaxCel) and metamitron (Brevis) on yield and some fruit characteristics of apple trees cv. Šampion/ M.9 T337 was evaluated. Chemical thinning agents were applied alone, as subsequent spraying or as a tank mixture. Due to the possibility of damage to flowers by the announced frosts, a preparation containing sea algae – Goëmar was added in some treatments. Thinning with only MaxCel resulted in an excessive reduction of the total yield expressed in the number of fruits and their mass, but using MaxCel after flower thinning with Floredux gave very good results. The total yield expressed in kg tree-1 was even bigger than in the control, but the share of fruits with diameter above 7.5 mm was much better. The most promising method of thinning apple trees cv. ‘Szampion’ was the use of MaxCel+Brevis, at fruitlets diameter of 10-12 mm. The yield expressed by the number of apples on a tree was much smaller than in the control, but total yield did not differ from the total yield of the control trees. Apples in this treatment were characterised by the highest mass and length, as well as large diameters. In the fruits of this treatment, there was no significant reduction in flesh firmness relative to the control, and they had the highest dry matter content.

10

Increasing the frost resistance of ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Gala’ and ‘Sampion’ apple cultivars

59%

Lysiak G. P., Kurlus R., Michalska A.

Folia Horticulturae

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2016

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tom 28

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nr 2

11

The assesment of ten apple cultivars and their susceptibility on bruising after storage and shelf-life of fruit treated with 1-MCP

59%

Lipa T., Szot I., Dobrzanski,Jr. B., Kaplan M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2019

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tom 18

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nr 6

Control fruits and fruits subjected to 1-MCP application were placed in cold storage at 2°C, 90% r.h. for 18 weeks. The susceptibility of ten apple cultivars: ‘Beni Shogun’, ‘Braeburn Hillwell’, ‘Elise’, ‘Gloster’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Idared’, ‘Jonagold Decosta’, ‘Ligol’, ‘Mutsu’ and ‘Šampion’ was tested using an impact test to obtain bruising of fruits. The analyses were performed on fruits immediately after harvest and four times after different period of cold storage (9 and 18 weeks) and shelf-life (7 days). The following analysis and characteristics of apples were determined: soluble solids content, dry matter content, acidity, fruit mass and size, and firmness. Impact test was carried out by dropping a glass ball with a mass of 25.68 g from height of 40 cm, due to which kinetic energy value of 0.1 J was obtained. Slight differences in acidity and soluble solid content were observed. On the other hand, stress noticed at firmness test was significantly higher for fruits treated with 1-MCP. It was also observed that firmness decreases after the shelf-life and after storage of fruit at room temperature. The ‘Beni Shogun’ apples fruits stored for 9 weeks are most susceptible to bruising (volume = 438.26 mm3). After cold storage, less susceptible cultivar was ‘Szampion’, for which the volume of fruit bruise was 145.62 mm3 only. After 9 weeks of cold storage, for most cultivars, there was no significant differences in bruise volume; however, the shelf-life had significant influence by differing the cultivars, and for all studied cultivars, the bruise volume was lower.

12

Influence of different rootstocks on basic nutrients, selected minerals, and phenolic compounds of apple cv. ‘Šampion’

51%

Kiczorowski P., Kiczorowska B., Krawiec M., Kaplan M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2018

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tom 17

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nr 4

The research objective was to determine and compare dry matter, crude protein, mineral elements (total), dietary fiber, easily hydrolysable sugars, vitamin C, and minerals (K, Na, Mg, Cu) as well as the content of epicatechin and phenolic acids (homovanillic, chlorogenic, caffeic, coumaric, and ferulic) in the flesh and peel of ‘Šampion’ cv. apples grafted on 4 different rootstocks types: M.26, P2, M.9, and P22 in 2014–2015. The apples from trees grafted on the P22 rootstock had the highest content of dry matter, crude protein, fiber, easily hydrolysable sugars, and vitamin C. The highest mineral compound concentration was exhibited by apples from trees growing on rootstocks P22, P2, and M.9. The highest concentration of phenolic acids was determined in the peel of fruits from trees growing on P22 and M.9. The observations confirm that rootstocks characterized by the lowest growth rate (P22, M.9) ensure the highest accumulation of nutrients in ‘Šampion’ fruits.

Ograniczanie wyników

Apple trees yielding and fruit quality depending on the crop load, branch type and position in the crown

Ethylene evolution intensity and apple fruit setting after thinning with NAA and ethephon

Thinning of fruit sets on Sampion apple trees

The effect of rootstock and age trees on the growth and cropping of Szampion cultivar apple trees

The effect of apple seed stratification with growth regulators on breaking the dormancy of seeds, the growth of seedlings and chlorophyll fluorescence

Influence of NPK minerals and biostimulants on the growth, yield, and fruit nutritional value in cv. ‘Sampion’ apple trees growing on different rootstocks

Effect of different tree training systems on growth and yielding of two apple cultivars

Quality and storage properties of ‘Sampion’ apples as affected by different biofertilizers

The influence of Floredux, MaxCel and Brevis on the yield of apple trees cv. Sampion

Increasing the frost resistance of ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Gala’ and ‘Sampion’ apple cultivars

The assesment of ten apple cultivars and their susceptibility on bruising after storage and shelf-life of fruit treated with 1-MCP

Influence of different rootstocks on basic nutrients, selected minerals, and phenolic compounds of apple cv. ‘Šampion’