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1

Berry seed oils as a source of bioactive compounds in functional foods

100%
Martysiak-Zurowska D.
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
|
2011
|
tom 61
|
nr Suppl.1
2

Content of odd-numbered carbon fatty acids in the milk of lactating women and in infant formula and follow-up formula

100%
Martysiak-Zurowska D.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Technologia Alimentaria
|
2008
|
tom 07
|
nr 2
75-82
The objective of this study was to examine the relation between the content of pentadecanoic acid C15:0 (PA) and heptadecanoic acid C17:0 (HA) in human milk and the type of the mothers' diet and determine the content of these fatty acids in infant formulas and follow-up formulas available on the market. Thirty-four, healthy mothers, aged 24-33 y were take part in the study. Mothers were classified according to their diet status into one of two groups: diet low in dairy products (15) and standard diet (19). Analyzed 12 differences infant formulas, 6 infant formulas and 6 follow-on formulas. In the group of women whose diet was Iow in dairy products, the PA content of human milk fat reached on average 0.195 ±0.017% of total fatty acids, and the HA content - 0.202 ±0.012%. In the group of women eating a standard diet, a statistically significant increase was observed in the PA and HA content of milk fat which on average reached: PA - 0.406 ±0.019% and HA - 0.360 ±0.015% of total fatty acids. It was concluded that in respect of human milk, PA and HA could be regarded as biomarkers of milk fat consumption by lactating women. From among 12 investigated infant formulas (IF) and follow-up formulas (FF) which are available in retail, PA of 0.63 to 0.98% and HA of 0.37 to 0.60% of total fatty acids was found in only 4 formulas which contain bovine milk fat. In IFs which, according to the manufacturer's statement, do not contain milk fat, PA content was from 0.04 to 0.07% and HA - from 0.02 to 0.08% of total fatty acids.
3

Content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in infant formulae and follow-on formulae

63%
Martysiak-Zurowska D., Stolyhwo A.
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
|
2006
|
tom 15/56
|
nr 3
The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), considered as a product of oxidation of lipids harmful to health in commercial infant formulae (IF) and follow-on formulae (FF) (N=13), human milk (N=7), cow’s milk (N=7), soybean oil and rapeseed oil was studied. The MDA content was confirmed to be high, ranging from 40.50±13.77 to 89.60±15.26 μg/100 mL infant milk formulae, compared to 19.35±5.14 μg/100 mL in human milk on average. Such a great difference between MDA contents of commercially available formulae and human milk is accounted for imperfection of different technologies of manufacturing IF and FF. The major quantity of MDA is formed during the production, packing in the air and storage of IF and FF. It is suggested that the content of MDA should be labeled. The authors’ suggestion is that the maximum allowable tolerance of MDA should not exceed 48.0 μg MDA/ 100 mL liquid IF and FF.
4
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Szkodliwe dla zdrowia izomery trienowych kwasow tluszczowych w mleku poczatkowym i nastepnym do zywienia niemowlat

63%
Martysiak-Zurowska D., Stolyhwo A.
Żywność Nauka Technologia Jakość
|
2005
|
tom 12
|
nr 2
108-117
Kwasy tłuszczowe zawierające układ trzech sprzężonych wiązań podwójnych TCFA (trienoic conjugated fatty acids) są produktami oksydacji lipidów szkodliwymi dla zdrowia niemowląt i jako takie mogą stanowić znacznik stopnia zaawansowania utlenienia tłuszczu mleka początkowego (infant formulae IF) i następnego (follow-on formulae FF). Zbadano zawartość TCFA w tłuszczu wolnym i w tłuszczu związanym IF i FF. Liczbowo zawartość TCFA wyrażono umownie jako parametr K [%] będący stosunkiem absorbancji układu trzech sprzężonych wiązań podwójnych kwasów tłuszczowych (analityczna długość fali 268 nm) do absorbancji charakterystycznej dla grup karbonylowych triacylogliceroli (218 nm). Próbkę odniesienia stanowił tłuszcz dojrzałego mleka ludzkiego. Parametr K tłuszczu mleka ludzkiego wynosił maksymalnie 0,60 ±0,03% (N=9), podczas gdy rozpiętość K tłuszczu badanych IF i FF zawierała się w granicach: minimalnie 4,49 ±0,27%, maksymalnie 12,40 ±0,73% w zależności od producenta IF i FF (5 różnych producentów, łącznie 17 produktów). Rozbieżności w zaawansowaniu stopnia utlenienia lipidów mają związek z jakością i ilością dodawanych olejów roślinnych oraz z zastosowaną technologią produkcji IF i FF. Mając na uwadze szkodliwość dla zdrowia produktów oksydacji lipidów, zwłaszcza dla niemowląt i małych dzieci, zasugerowano wprowadzenie limitu parametru K tłuszczu IF i FF na maksymalnie 6%. Spośród 17 badanych produktów 22% spełniało te wymagania.
5

A comparison of ABTS and DPPH methods for assessing the total antioxidant capacity of human milk

63%
Martysiak-Zurowska D., Wenta W.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Technologia Alimentaria
|
2012
|
tom 11
|
nr 1
Introduction. The Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) of human milk reflects the concentration and the activity of many components which prevent oxidative degradation of fats and proteins. This study compares the effectiveness of ABTS and DPPH tests with regard to the recovery, precision and sensitivity (detection and quantification limit) of (TAC) values in human milk. Material and methods. TAC values were determined in twenty five samples of human milk obtained from healthy mothers, residents of Gdańsk, on the 14,h day postpartum. Results. The average TAC of human milk determined by ABTS assay was 19.61 ±3.311 mg TE (Trolox Equivalents)/100 cm3, the average values obtained by the DPPH assay reached 9.95 ±4.36 mg TE/100 cm3. For each milk sample the TAC determined by the ABTS test was significantly higher than the values produced by the DPPH test. The above findings can be attributed to the presence of substances whose spectra overlap with DPPH’ spectra. ABTS test was characterised by a higher sensitivity and repeatability of the determination of TAC in human milk compared to the DPPH test. Conclusions. Comparing the calculated values for the validation parameters of both methods and taking into account the solubility of DPPH only in polar matrices, slower reaction of selected antioxidants with DPPH radical, and the presence in human milk constituents absorbing electromagnetic radiation in the absorption of DPPH be assumed that the ABTS test is more appropriate method of determining of TAC in breast milk.
6

Struktura triacylogliceroli olejow z nasion truskawki, maliny i czarnej porzeczki

63%
Martysiak-Zurowska D., Drapala L.
Tłuszcze Jadalne
|
2010
|
tom 45
|
nr 1-2
11-20
7
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Content of furosine in infant formulae and follow-on formulae

63%
Martysiak-Zurowska D., Stolyhwo A.
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
|
2007
|
tom 57
|
nr 2
185-190
The determination of the furosine (FUR) indicator of the Maillard reaction in commercial infant formulae (IF), follow-on formulae (FF), human milk (N=10) and raw cow milk (N=7) was performed using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV). A high FUR content was confirmed that ranged from 1320±102.2 to 1550.9±166.5 mg/100 g protein in infant formulae IF and from 931.9±153.8 to 1156.7±104.5 mg/100 g protein in follow-on formulae FF (human milk – at the average below 6 mg/100 g protein). Such a significant difference between FUR values of commercially available formulas is accounted for imperfection of different technologies of manufacturing IF and FF. In dairy products damage caused by heat treatment could be greater as a result of manufacturing processes and storage conditions. Furosine content was used in order to calculate the concentration of blocked lysine. In infant formulas IF’s the blocked lysine levels were found to range from 19.6 to 34% of total lysine. Taking into consideration harmful for health, toxic products of Mallard reaction, the content of FUR should be labelled. In the Authors’ opinion, the content of furosine tolerance should make compromise between that what is theoretical demanded and that what is practical reached (fresh milk powder for all purposes – about 120 mg FUR/100 g protein, FF of producer C – 930 mg FUR/100 g protein). The authors’ suggestion is that the maximum allowable tolerance of FUR should not exceed 700 mg/100 g protein of IF and FF.
8

Characterization of fatty acid composition in the European beaver [Castor fiber L.]

51%
Zalewski K., Martysiak-Zurowska D., Chylinska-Ptak M., Nitkiewicz B.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2009
|
tom 18
|
nr 3
493-499
Lipids obtained from the muscular and adipose tissues of the European beaver were isolated by the modified Folch method. Fatty acids were converted to methyl esters and separated by high-resolution gas chromatography (HR-GC). The content and composition of beaver fat depended on the sex of a given animal. The adipose subcutaneous tissue of the female contained the most fat (approximately 70.5%). The fat content of muscular tissue was very low in both male and female beavers. Adipose tissue lipids of the beaver contained fatty acids ranging in chain length from 12 to 22 carbon atoms. Polyunsaturated fatty acids have the highest proportion in of total FA content of adipose tissue in the beaver, which distinguishes these lipids from the lipids of adipose tissues in other mammals. The results of the present study also confirmed a unique FA composition in the tail fat of the beaver, including a very high content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 n-3) (on average 20.0%) and the sum of n-3 fatty acids (on average 20.45%). In addition, a very low content of the sum of saturated fatty acids (on average 14.93%) was observed, and an extremely low content, as for animal fat, of palmitic acid 16:0 (on average 10.53%).
9
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The effect of lyophilization on selected biologically active components (vitamin C, catalase, lysozyme), total antioxidant capacity and lipid oxidation in human milk

51%
Martysiak-Zurowska D., Puta M., Rodzik A., Malinowska-Panczyk E.
Żywność Nauka Technologia Jakość
|
2017
|
tom 24
|
nr 3
Human milk is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as lysozyme, vitamin C and other bioactive compounds. The effect of lyophilization on the content of antioxidants (vitamin C and catalase CAT), bactericidal compounds (lysozyme), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation in human milk was investigated in this study. Samples of mature human milk were collected from five healthy women who gave birth on the scheduled date and without complications. Freeze drying resulted in the removal of 88.2 % of the initial water content from milk. The human milk lyophilizate was readily soluble in water. Lyophilization had no effect on the content of primary (lipid peroxides LP) and secondary (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TBARS) products of lipid oxidation. Freeze-drying led to a significant decrease in the vitamin C content and TAC values of milk (by 31 % and 16.5 %, respectively). Catalase and lysozyme were resistant to freeze-drying. Lyophilization induced a decrease in lysozyme content (9 %) and catalase activity (11 %) but these changes were not statistically significant. Low-temperature dehydration and rehydration of human milk lyophilizates promote satisfactory retention of biologically active ingredients and prevent the oxidation of human milk lipids. The results of this study indicate that lyophilization can be considered as an effective method for prolonging the shelf life of human milk.
10

Characterization of fatty acid composition in Eurasian badger [Meles meles]

45%
Zalewski K., Martysiak-Zurowska D., Iwaniuk M., Nitkiewicz B., Stolyhwo A.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2007
|
tom 16
|
nr 4
645-650
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, LA and ALA) are not synthesized in mammals in the absence of their essential fatty acid precursors. However, hibernating animals and animals sleeping through the winter need sufficiently high amounts of these acids. The Eurasian badger does not hibernate, but sleeps over winter. In the autumn the body weight of adult badgers increases even twofold, since they put on fat before the winter. Fat is deposited primarily in the subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue, and much less commonly in the muscles, liver and around the intestines. The percentage composition of fatty acids (Saturated fatty acids-SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids-MUFAs, PUFAs) is different in particular types of tissue. The lipids isolated from depot adipose tissues (suet, subcutaneous, perirenal, periintestinal fat) are dominated by monounsaturated fatty acids (on average 41.25%), followed by saturated fatty acids (33.53%). Polyun­saturated FAs have the lowest proportion in this groups of tissues, on average 17.75% of total FAs. On the other hand, liver lipids contain over 44% PUFAs. The fatty acid composition of lipids in badgers tissue includes considerable quantities of essential unsaturated n-6 and n-3 fatty acids of great pharmacological significance.
11

Chemical composition lipids isolated from selected organs and tissues of the raccoon dog [Nyctereutes procyonoides]

39%
Zalewski K., Martysiak-Zurowska D., Stolyhwo A., Iwaniuk M., Nitkiewicz B., Majdan M., Socha P.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2008
|
tom 17
|
nr 4
605-611
Our paper presents a qualitative analysis of particular lipid classes (phospholipids, triacylglycerols, cholesterol, free fatty acids) isolated from the tissues of raccoon dogs harvested in northeastern Poland. In all examined tissues (except for the liver) the dominant group of lipids were triacylglycerols. The amounts of lipids representing the other classes depended on the kind of tissue from which the fat was isolated. The concentration of phospholipids was 0.7% in subcutaneous tissue and 41.7% in the liver, cholesterol content ranged between 0.6 and 4.8%, while the amount of fee fatty acids varied from 0.3% in subcutaneous tissue to 5.1% in the liver. Fat deposited in different body parts of the raccoon dog is generally uniform with regard to FA composition. Particular attention should be paid to the presence of trans-octadecenoic acids in the tissues of raccoon dogs, since these acids are commonly found in ruminants and herbivores.
12
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Effect of high pressure and sub-zero temperature on total antioxidant capacity and the content of vitamin C, fatty acids and secondary products of lipid oxidation in human milk

39%
Martysiak-Zurowska D., Puta M., Barczak N., Dabrowska J., Malinowska-Panczyk E., Kielbratowska B., Kolodziejska I.
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
|
2017
|
tom 67
|
nr 2
The objective of this study was to compare of the effects of high pressure of 193 MPa at -20°C and Low Temperature Long Time pasteurization (LTLT or holder pasteurization, 62.5°C, 30 min) on the content and composition of fatty acids (FAs), concentrations of secondary products of lipid oxidation (TBARS), the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total vitamin C and ascorbic acid (AsA) content in human milk. It was shown that no signifi - cant changes in the content and composition of FAs and TBARS levels were noted in both pressurized and LTLT pasteurized milk samples. The results obtained indicate that the antioxidant properties in pressurized human milk were also not affected. In the case of the pasteurized samples only slight (approx. 6%) and statistically insignificant decrease was observed in the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values. Pasteurization signifi - cantly reduced the content of total vitamin C and AsA, by 35% and 24%, respectively. A minor and statistically insignificant (approx. 6%) decrease in vitamin C levels was observed in milk treated with high pressure. However, a significant decrease (by more than 11%) occurred in these conditions in AsA concentrations. The influence of high pressure treatment on AsA levels and the lack of significant changes in TEAC values point to the relative stability of the remaining antioxidant components in human milk. Further research is needed to determine the effects of high pressure of approximately 200 MPa and sub-zero temperatures on, mainly thermolabile, components of human milk, which are degraded by LTLT pasteurization.
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