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The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of PCB content decline in three selected organs and tissues (gill filaments, muscle tissue, perintestinal adipose tissue, liver, and alimentary tract) of cultured carp, previously exposed to Clophen A50 via oral route, in the course of their 40-day stay in PCB-free environment. The samples were analysed using gas chromatography. The highest decrease in PCB concentration, related to wet weight was noted for the perintestinal adipose tissue and the alimentary tract. The lowest PCB decrease in lipids was recorded in the liver (l0.0 %) and the highest one-in the alimentary tract. In decrease related to the total weight of the organs and tissue studied was the highest for the gill filaments (61.6 %) while the values compared for perintestinal adipose tissues showed a 6.6 % increase.
The study was aimed at the PCB (Clophen A50) accumulation dynamics in the gill filaments, muscle tissue, perintestinal adipose tissue, alimentary tract and the liver of cultured carp, Cyprinus carpio L. when taken, only, either from contaminated water or contaminated diet. The highest accumulation dynamics was observed in first 5-10 days of intoxication followed by a visible decrease resulted partly from increase in a growth rate of the tested organs and tissues as well as from the smaller daily intake per weight unit of the tested fish.
Polychlorinated hydrocarbons are convenient indicators of environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of p,p′-DDT and its metabolites (p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDD) and γ-HCH and PCBs in: the dorsal muscles of 3 most important fish species (cod, herring, and flounder), in blue mussel, and in the bottom sediments off the coast of the south-western Baltic Sea. The analyses were carried out using the method of gas chromatography. The presence of all analysed compounds was detected in the samples studied. The highest concentrations of polychlorinated hydrocarbons in the bottom sediments were stated at the coast of Kiel, while the lowest-in the Świnoujście area. In blue mussels no such significant differences in the content levels of the analysed compounds were observed. The muscles of herring demonstrated the highest content of ΣDDT and PCBs. The present results will constitute a contribution to the knowledge on the presence of polychlorinated hydrocarbons in the marine environment of the south-western Baltic Sea.
The aim of this study was the toxicological risk assessment for consumers on the basis of toxic equivalents (TEQs) from fish netted from Miêdzyodrze waters. The quantitative analysis of dioxin-like compounds (non- and mono-orto PCBs) were conducted using the capillary gas chromatography method (GC MSD HP 6890/5973). Toxic equivalents values were dependent of the most toxic congeners concentration, e.g. PCB 126 and PCB 169. Mean TEQ ranged from 0.03 ± 0.02 ng-TEQ/kg w.w. to 0.09 ± 0.01 ng-TEQ/kg w.w. The highest equivalents were received for ide’s meat and the lowest - for roach’s meat. Consideration of the mean consumption of fish in Poland and the highest TEQs of examined fish ascertained that their meat is safe for consumers from the hygienic and toxicological perspective.
Gills and skin of mirror carp were exposed separately to Clophen A-50 in the concentration of 200 µg/dm3. After one hour, the content of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) was determined in the wet weight of the blood, muscles, and the skin as well as in the lipids of these tissues. It turned out that 63% ofthe PCB were absorbed through the gills, while only 32% - through the skin.
Background. Stability and high bioaccumulation coefficients of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in aqueous organisms may constitute a health hazard for their consumers (it is really the potential toxicity of PCBs that determine their hazard—not stability). As the fish are mostly eaten in the form of processed products, the influence of technological processes and different methods of cooking on changes in the levels of toxic compounds in final products is of great importance and may be helpful for appropriate processing. Since smoked fish products are in great demand in Poland, the goal of this study was to determine changes in total PCB content in herring fillets during hot smoking and in hot and cold smoked mackerel fillets. Materials and Methods. Herring fillets were hot smoked under industrial conditions, whereas mackerel fillets were cold- and hot smoked. Analyses were carried out using a capillary gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer GC-MS (HP 6890/5973) with a HP-5 column. Results. The hot smoking process affected the loss of total PCB content in mackerel and herring fillets, with its highest value in the first hour of partial drying. The main factor determining the changes in the content of these compounds in wet matter and lipids was their escape in co-distillation with water vapour. The increase of their content, in the final stage of hot smoking and during the whole cold smoking process, was caused by contamination of fish fillets with polychlorinated biphenyls present in the curing smoke. Conclusion. From the toxicological point of view the process of hot smoking, is much healthier for people because it causes the reduction of total PCB content in final smoked products. Cold smoked mackerel is much more popular on the Polish market for its stronger taste and aromatic smell. However, lengthy exposure to smoke in low temperature increased the total PCB content in cold smoked fish. The consumption of these products should be limited based on these results.
The objective of the present study was to determine concentration levels of p,p′-DDT and its metabolites (p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDD) as well as γ-HCH and PCBs in bottom sediments, zebra mussel and in 3 more important fish species.
Streszczenie. W niniejszej pracy wyznaczono poziomy zawartości ogólnego PCB oraz najbardziej toksycznych kongenerów non-orto (PCB 77, PCB 126, PCB 169) i mono-orto (PCB 114, PCB 156, PCB 157) w wybranych importowanych konserwach z tuńczyka w sosie własnym. Ilościowe i jakościowe oznaczenie badanych związków wykonano metodą kapilarnej chromatografii gazowej, w aparacie GC MSD HP 6890/5973. W większości asortymentów stwierdzono zawartość kongeneru PCB 169. Obliczone równoważniki toksyczności (TEQ) dla badanych konserw wyniosły 10-200 pg-TEQ/kg m.m. Zawartość ogólnego PCB kształtowała się na poziomie 1,4-11,4 μg·kg-1 m.m.
Chemiczne właściwości gleb torfowo-murszowych Wyspy Puckiej wyraźnie różnicuje sposób ich użytkowania. Gleby pod trwałymi użytkami zielonymi, na tle gleb uprawnych bądź stanowiących pracownicze ogrody działkowe, są bardziej kwaśne, wykazują mniej przyswajalnego potasu, fosforu i magnezu, a także metali ciężkich (tab. 1, 2).
Fish exposed to 200 and 300 μg/1 PCB′s (Aroclor 1242) for 24 hr demonstrates negative chronotropic effect; increase in the duration of segments and intervals as well as the waves amplitude. A tachycardia was also observed during the experiments. On the other hand, bioaccumulation of PCB′s in the eel fish was depended upon the concentration and time, the level of PCB′s in the liver was significantly higher than the level observed in the other tissues. Also, the descending order of PCB′s accumulated after 24 hr was found in the gills, blood, kidney, liver and muscle, respectively.
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