Morphology of the dorsal nasal, frontal and facial veins in adult gilts

• Autorzy: Zezula-Szpyra A , Grzegorzewski W.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Morphological examinations conducted on adult gilts indicate that the dorsal nasal, frontal and facial veins belong to the myoelastic type with a well-developed internal elastic lamina and a thick tunica media with elastic fibers. Smooth muscle cells in the tunica media are mainly arranged circularly. A characteristic feature of individual veins, and even their parts, was the difference in the distribution and number of elastic fibers and amount of collagen, both in the internal elastic lamina and tunica media. Slight thickening of the vessel walls and a decrease in the number of elastic fibers were observed in the distal part of the dorsal nasal vein and in the proximal parts of the frontal and facial veins. No valves were found in the frontal vein. The bundles of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media and elastic fibers surrounding them were rounded, not laminar like in the other veins. Characteristic, sandwich-like arranged smooth muscle bundles, elastic fibers and large amounts of collagen were observed in the tunica media of the distal part of the facial vein. A distinctive feature of the middle auricular and radial veins was the presence of a well-visible external elastic lamina in the adventitia. An evaluation of the luminous vein surface in a SEM shows that endothelial cells are elongated and arranged consistently with the direction of blood flow in almost all of the veins analyzed. Endothelial cells were less elongated in the distal part of the facial vein, and microvilli were present on them.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

pig; histology; facial vein; frontal vein; endothelial cell; gilt; dorsal nasal vein; morphology; nasal vein; adult; vein

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Folia Morphologica
• Rocznik: 2000
• Tom: 59
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.179-191,fig.

Twórcy

autor

Zezula-Szpyra A

• Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Grzegorzewski W.

Bibliografia

• 1. Albert EN, Nayak RK (1976) Surface morphology of human aorta as revealed by the scanning electron microscope. Anat Rec, 185: 223–234.
• 2. Baker MA, Hayward JN (1968) The influence of the nasal mucous and the carotid rete upon hypothalamic temperature in sheep. J Physiol (Lond), 198: 561–579.
• 3. Bou-Resli MN, Elkhawad AO, Al-Zaid NS (1988) Heterogeneity of the histological features along the course of the facial vein of the desert camel (camelus dromedarius): Relevance to brain cooling. Acta morphol neelscand, 26: 249–254.
• 4. Bozzola MS, Russell MS (1992) Electron microscopy. Principles and techniques for biologists. Jones and bartlett publishers, Boston.
• 5. Crissman RS, Ross JN Jr, Davis T (1980) Scanning electron microscopy of an elastic fiber network which forms the internal elastic lamina in canine saphenous vein. Anat Rec, 198: 581–593.
• 6. Cabanoc M, Caputa M (1979) Natural selective cooling of the human brain: Evidence of its occurrence and magnitude. J Physiol, 186: 255–264.
• 7. Caputa M, Kądziela W, Narębski J (1976) Significance of cranial circulation for the brain homeothermia in rabbits. The role of the cranial venous lakes in the defense against hyperthermia. Acta Neurobiol Exp, 36: 625–638.
• 8. Davies MG, Hagen KA (1993) The vascular endothelium. A new horizon. Ann Surg, 218: 539–609.
• 9. Davies PF, Barbee KA (1994) Endothelial cell surface imaging: Insight into hemodynamic force transduction. NIPS, 9: 153–157.
• 10. Elkhawad AO, Al-Zaid NS, Bou-Resli MN (1990) Facial vessels of desert camel (camelus dromedarius): Role in brain cooling. Am J Physiol, 258: R602–R607.
• 11. Ghoshal NG, Khamas WAH (1984) Light microscopic study of blood vessels of the nasal cavity of the pig. Acta Anat, 120: 202–206.
• 12. Ghoshal NG, Zguigal H (1986) Dural sinuses in the pig and their extracranial venous connections. Am J Vet Res, 47: 1165–1169.
• 13. Godynicki S (1975) Blood vessels of the nasal cavity in the rabbit. Folia Morphol, 34: 69–76.
• 14. Grzegorzewski W, Skipor J, Wąsowska B, Krzymowski T (1995) Counter current transfer of oxytocin from the venous blood of the perihypophyseal cavernous sinus to the arterial blood of carotid rete suppling the hypophysis and brain depends on the phase of the estrous cycle in pigs. Biol Reprod, 52: 139–144.
• 15. Grzegorzewski W, Skipor J, Wąsowska B, Krzymowski T (1997) Counter current transfer of 125i-lh-rh in the perihypophyseal cavernous sinus-carotid rete vascular complex, demonstrated on isolated pig heads perfused with autologous blood. Dom Anim Endocrinol, 14: 149–160.
• 16. Grzegorzewski W, Zezula-Szpyra A (1999) Morphological studies of the superficial veins of the nose and face in different stages of the reproductive activity in gilts. Third conference of the european society for domestic animal reproduction, November 26–27, Nouzilly, France, Abstracts, 55–56.
• 17. Johnsen HK, Blix AS, Mercer JB, Bolz K-D (1987) Selective cooling of the brain in reindeer. Am J Physiol, 253: R848–R853.
• 18. Johnsen HK, Folkow LP (1988) Vascular control of brain cooling in reindeer. Am J Physiol, 254: R730–R739.
• 19. Khamas WA, Ghoshal NG, Bal HS (1982) Blood supply to the nasal cavity of sheep (ovis aries) and its significance to brain temperature regulation. Anat Anz Jena, 151: 14–28.
• 20. Krzymowski T, Grzegorzewski W, Stefańczyk-Krzymowska S, Skipor J, Wąsowska B (1999) Humoral pathway for transfer of the boar pheromone, androstenol, from the nasal mucous to the brain and hypophysis of gilts. Theriogenology, 52: 1225–1240.
• 21. Krzymowski T, Skipor J, Grzegorzewski W (1992) Cavernous sinus and carotid rete of sheep and sows as a possible place for counter current exchange of some neuropeptides and steroid hormones. Anim Reprod Sci, 29: 225–240.
• 22. Mitchell J, Thomalla L, Mitchell G (1998) Histological studies of the dorsal nasal, angularis oculi, and facial veins of sheep (Ovis aries). J Morphol, 237: 275–281.
• 23. Monos E, Bereczi V, Nadasy G (1995) Local Control of Veins: Biomechanical, metabolic, and humoral aspects. Physiol Rev, 75: 611–666.
• 24. Nimmrich H, Meairs S, Forssmann, Weihe E (1981) Scanning electron microscopy of endothelium. In: Three dimensional macroanatomy of cells and tissue surface. Eds. DiDo LJA, Motta PM, Allen DJ, Elsevier North Holland, 311–330.
• 25. Reidy MA, Langille BL (1980) The effect of local blood flow patterns on endothelial cell morphology. Exp Molec Pathol, 32: 276–289.
• 26. Schummer A, Wilkens H, Vollmerhaus B, Habermehl K-H (1981) The circulatory system, the skin, and the cutaneous organs of the domestic mammals. In: Nickel R, Schummer A, Seiferle E (eds.) The anatomy of the domestic animals. Vol. 3. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin — Hamburg.
• 27. Skipor J, Grzegorzewski W, Krzymowski T, Einer-Jensen N (2000) Local transport of testosterone from nasal mucous to the carotid blood and the brain in the pig. Pol J Vet Sci, 3: 19–22.
• 28. Skipor J, Grzegorzewski W, Wąsowska B, Krzymowski T (1997) Counter current transfer of b-endorphin in the perihypophyseal cavernous sinus-carotid rete vascular complex in sheep. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diab, 105: 308–313.
• 29. Stehbens WE, Martin BJ (1993) Ultrastructural alterations of collagen fibrils in blood vessel walls. Conn Tiss Res, 29: 319–331.
• 30. Tokunaga J, Osaka M, Fuhta T (1973) Endothelial surface of rabbit aorta as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Arch Histol Jap, 36: 129–141.