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The objective of this study has been to determine vitamin C content in tubers of edible potato following an application of systemic insecticides to control the Colorado potato beetle. A field experiment was conducted on soil of a good rye complex in 2004-06. The experiment was designed as randomized sub-blocks with three replications. Experimental factors included three cultivars of potato Wiking, Mors, Żagiel - and six Colorado potato beetle control treatments using the following insecticides: Actara 25 WG (thiametoksam) at the rate of 0.08 kg/ha, Regent 200 SC (fipronil) at the rate of 0.1 dmVha, Calypso 480 SC (thiacloprid) at three rates (0.05, 0.075, 0.1 dm³/ha), and a control treatment without chcmical protection. The content of vitamin C was dependant on cultivar, insecticide treatment, and environmental conditions with each year. The insecticides applied significantly increased vitamin C content (amounted to 1.7 mg/kg) compared with the tubers harvested from the control treatment where no chemical protection was applied. Tubers of Mors cultivar had the highest vitamin C content, and Wiking cultivar lowest.
The aim of this research work was the observation of changes in the qualitative and quantitative parameters of five cultivars of edible potatoes: Agria, Impala, Picasso, Raja, Santé. Samples were stored under regulated conditions in the storage room of the farm Agropartner Plavecké Podhradie, in the branch of Sološnica, Slovakia. Samples were taken three times during the tuber storage. The following parameters were investigated during three years observations: content of dry matter, starch content, total sugars, reducing sugars, nitrates and the content of vitamin C. Considering the dry matter content as the basic stabilizing component, the cv. Santé is the most appropriate for storage. Starch level was the highest in cvs Raja and lowest in Impala. Taking sugar levels into consideration we recommend cv. Agria as the most appropriate and the most stable for storage. This cultivar is the most suitable for technological processing and manufacture of French fries and chips as well. Regarding the nitrate cumulation, all cultivars may be considered to be safe, the determined levels of nitrates were low. The values of vitamin C were lower as compared to the potential levels of this component in edible potatoes. The highest level was in the cv. Agria. This parameter also showed the least fluctuations.
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The study into vitamin C content were performed on plants grown in the Department of Horticulture in University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn in 1998–2000. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different factors such as species, cultivar, date and site of growing, growing method, foliar nutrition, time of storage on the accumulation of L-ascorbic acid in edible parts of vegetables. Twenty vegetable species grown in fields and in unheated plastic tunnels were studied. The content of the acid was estimated by the Tillmans method [Pijanowski et al. 1964]. The analyses showed a widely varied content of vitamin C in vegetable crops and the levels depended mainly on the species. Paprika berries had the highest content – over 100 mg·100 g⁻¹ . The lowest content of vitamin C was found in scorzonera, salsify, soybeans and cucumber with below 6 mg per 100 mg of fresh mass in 1998. The effect of different cultivation methods on cucumber and lettuce leaves showed no regularities in vitamin C content changes in particular years of the experiment. However, the effect of cabbage cultivar and storage conditions on vitamin C content in cabbage was noted. The L-ascorbic acid content was 33.4 mg·100 g⁻¹ in ‘Kamienna Głowa’ and 48.4 mg·100 g⁻¹ in ‘Litewska’ cabbage. The losses in vitamin C during after 60 days of inadequate storage were from 12.9 to 52.8%. The effect of summer planting date on the content of vitamin C was also shown in two radish cultivars, where ‘Murzynka’ radish was characterised by a higher vitamin C content. The foliar nutrition gave positive results and increased the vitamin C content in redbeet.
Background. Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) can be found in temperate climate zones of Europe, Africa and America Nettle may be a source of nutritional ingredients, mineral salts, vitamins and antioxidants. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of temperature and brewing time Urtica dioica L. infusions from different parts of this plant on vitamin C (ascorbic acid) content. Material and methods. Infusions of nettle leaf, stem and root were prepared at room temperature, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C and 80°C for 10 minutes. Leaf infusions were also brewed for 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes at initial water temperature of 60°C. The amount of vitamin C was determined by the spectrophotometric method. Results. The best temperature of brewing nettle infusions, in terms of vitamin C concentration, is between 50 °C and 60 °C as it is sufficient to extract the substance, yet not high enough to destroy it. Conclusions. The optimal time of brewing appeared to be 10 minutes as the prolonged exposure to high temperature appeared to be detrimental for ascorbic acid as well.
The paper presents the variability analysis of some quantitative characteristics, that is of tuber yield, starch content and yield, dry matter content and yield and vitamin C content in selected edible potato varieties. Reciprocal relations of variance components calculated and their percentage share in the total variability were a measure of variability evaluation for the characteristics examined. Moreover, the variability of the characteristics was characterised by means of the classical variability coefficient. It has been found that tuber yield and vitamin C content variability was determined mainly by the interaction effects of years and the factors examined, as well as the experimental error. The respective values were as follows: 44.3% and 34.7% for tuber yield, and 42.2% and 46.2% for vitamin C. The starch content was in 47.5% modified by the effects of the main factors (including 35.0% for years) and the error effect (39.0%). A similar interaction was observed in the case of dry matter content variability, but the error was 52.4%. Starch and dry matter yields were determined mainly by interaction effects of the years and the examined factors (40.7% and 39.9%, respectively) as well as the experimental error (32.2% of the total variability for both traits). The highest changes expressed as the values of the coefficient of variation were found for tuber yield, dry matter yield and starch yield.
Background. Legumes are usually consumed when physiologically mature, as dry seeds, however, flageolet beans seeds are also consumed immature. They are harvested when dry matter content is about 40%, pods are filled, grown, seeds succulent, showing green or light green colour and do not require lengthy thermal processing when prepared for consumption. Material and methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate vitamin C content in immature seeds of five bean cultivars harvested when dry matter content was 40%. The analysis included raw, blanched and cooked fresh seeds and three products prepared for consumption after 0, 4, 8 and 12 months of storage: frozen products obtained using the traditional method (blanching-freezing-frozen storage-cooking), frozen products obtained using a modified method (cooking-freezing-frozen storage-thawing and heating in a microwave oven), a ready-to-eat product to consumption at ambient temperature, and canned products obtained by sterilization. Results. The application of technological processes, frozen and sterilized products storage, and the preparation for consumption had a cumulative effect in retention vitamin C content on final products. Conclusion. Comparing frozen seeds obtained by modified method with seeds treated by traditional method, generally, this one could retain more vitamin C. Canned seeds retained significantly less vitamin C than other frozen products.
Doświadczenie prowadzono w latach 2006-2007 w Ogrodzie Dydaktyczno-Doświadczalnym Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie. Analizowano 3 odmiany selera naciowego: Pasat, Tango F₁ i Zefir, które były uprawiane na bielone i niebielone ogonki liściowe. Rozsadę sadzono na polu w rozstawie 40 x 30 cm 10 maja 2006 r i 22 maja 2007 r Zabieg bielenia przeprowadzono dwa tygodnie przed zbiorem, ograniczając dostęp światła do ogonków liściowych selera naciowego poprzez owijanie każdej rośliny papierem. Zbiór ogonków liściowych przypadł w 2006 roku 29 września, a w 2007 w 5 października. Obserwacji poddano ogonki liściowe selera naciowego bielone i niebielone. Największy plon handlowy ogonków liściowych selera naciowego uzyskano w roku 2006 średnio 3,85 kg·m⁻² , w porównaniu do roślin uprawianych w 2007 r., gdzie wartość jego wyniosła 1,70 kg·m⁻². Bielenie ogonków liściowych selera naciowego wpłynęło korzystnie na zawartość cukrów ogółem. Ogonki liściowe zebrane z roślin niebielonych charakteryzowały się wyższą zawartością suchej masy i kwasu L-askorbinowego. Zawartość cukrów ogółem średnio z odmian i lat badań była wyższa o 0,52 g·100 g⁻¹ św.m w bielonych ogonkach liściowych selera naciowego. Największą zawartością kwasu L-askorbinowego charakteryzowały się niebielone ogonki liściowe selera odmiany Zefir - 15,11 mg·100 g⁻¹ św.m. z uprawy w 2007 roku.
W pracy określono wpływ czasu i temperatury przechowywania na zawartość witaminy C w ziemniaku i karotenoidów w marchwi uzyskanych na drodze suszenia promiennikowo-konwekcyjnego i konwekcyjnego. Wyznaczono stałe szybkości reakcji oraz energię aktywacji rozkładu witaminy C i karotenoidów podczas przechowywania warzyw. Wraz ze wzrostem czasu przechowywania i temperatury następowało zwiększenie szybkości rozkładu witaminy C w suszach z ziemniaka. Karotenoidy w suszonej marchwi szybciej ulegały degradacji w wyższych temperaturach (25 i 40°C), w których stała szybkości reakcji była około 2-krotnie wyższa w porównaniu do stałej szybkości reakcji w niższej temperaturze przechowywania (4°C). Susz promiennikowo-konwekcyjny charakteryzował się niższą wartością bariery energetycznej, po której rozpoczynał się rozkład karotenoidów w marchwi i witaminy C w ziemniaku, w porównaniu z suszem konwekcyjnym.
In horticultural production substrates have been sought that would ensure the optimum physical conditions (including aerobic and aquatic) in the root environment. The soil substrate can be modified with synthetic supplements called hydrogels or sorbents. When introduced to the soil, they improve the growth and development of plants, and by interacting with the climatic and soil conditions, they can improve the chemical composition of the vegetables. Research conducted in 2000–2001 aimed at the evaluation of the effect of different type sorbents introduced into the soil and the cultivation date on the concentration of some components in the Charlene lettuce cultivated in a film tunnel. Lettuce was grown in the presence of the following sorbents: potassium Ecosorb, sodium Acrygel, potassium Acrygel and sodium-potassium Acrygel during two terms: spring (April–May) and autumn (September–October). Based on the results of the two-year experiment, a significant effect of both experimental factors on the concentration of some components in the leaves of Charlene lettuce was observed. The concentration of L-ascorbic acid was determined by the type of sorbent used. In the first year of the experiment, the sodium-potassium Acrygel (14.2 mg%) was used to enhance the accumulation of vitamin C. In the second year, the sodium Acrygel (12.5 mg%) enhanced the accumulation of vitamin C. The spring plants accumulated higher levels of total sugars (in 2000 – 1.51% more, in 2001 0.68% more) in comparison to the autumn plants. The lettuce grown in the autumn had high concentrations of nitrates, averaging 2944.3 mg N-NO₃ ·kg fresh mass⁻¹.
Doświadczenie przeprowadzone w latach 2004-2006 w Stacji Badawczo-Dydaktycznej Katedry Ogrodnictwa we Wrocławiu dotyczyło oceny wpływu rodzaju nawozu azotowego (saletra amonowa, saletra wapniowa, siarczan amonu, mocznik i Entec 26) i sposobu jego stosowania w całości przedwegetacyjnie (150 kg N∙ha-1) bądź w postaci dawki dzielonej (100 + 50 kg N∙ha-1) na plonowanie i zawartość azotanów i witaminy C w kapuście pekińskiej odmiany ‘Optiko’ uprawianej w okresie jesiennym. Najwyższy plon ogólny zapewniło nawożenie saletrą wapniową, a najniższy siarczanem amonu. Zmiana sposobu nawożenia w całości przedwegetacyjnego (150 na kg N∙ha-1) na dawkę dzieloną (100 + 50 kg N∙ha-1) nie wpłynęła znacząco na plonowania, masę jednostkową główek oraz kumulację azotanów. Najmniej azotanów kumulowały rośliny nawożone siarczanem amonu i nawozem Entec 26, a najwięcej saletrą wapniową. Poziom witaminy C nie był istotnie zróżnicowany.
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