In her article, the author presents the level and structure of business services in the EU-15 countries in the last decade of the 20th century and in the first years of the 21st century. There is presented importance thereof for the EU economy pointing out to the shares in employment and gross value added. There is shown the correlation between the size of those shares and the level of economic development of individual EU countries. There is also compared a quantitative structure of business services in the former European Union and that in the countries being candidates to this organisation, with a particular consideration given to Poland.
Szkolenie specjalistów w różnych dziedzinach medycyny (dla lekarzy i lekarzy dentystów) oraz w dziedzinach mających zastosowanie w ochronie zdrowia (dla osób posiadających zawodowy tytuł magistra) jest realizowane pod nadzorem Centrum Medycznego Kształcenia Podyplomowego, według programów opracowanych przez zespoły powołane przez specjalistów krajowych w danej dziedzinie medycyny, z udziałem korporacji zawodowych (Izba Lekarska, Izba Weterynaryjna, Izba Diagnostów Laboratoryjnych). To powoduje, że programy specjalizacji w tych samych dziedzinach nie zawsze są ze sobą spójne.
Basic facts about the country and its population, followed by agricultural, animal breeding and animal production characteristics were presented as a background for the status of veterinary medicine in Italy. The veterinary educational system starts at the universities, where 13 faculties of veterinary medicine were attended by 1543 undergraduate new students during the academic year 1997/98. Additional, post-graduate and doctoral studies connected to university teaching, as well as specialization courses, are taking place. The number of active veterinarians is 18 324 as of October 13, 1997, acting in many professional and cultural organizations, of which FNOVI is the fundamental one. In the future a trend toward specialization is most probable in veterinary medicine in Italy.