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The aim of the studies was to evaluate the usefulness of determining the level of haptoglobin, IgG and lysozyme in sera for monitoring the state of health of breeding polar foxes of different behavior at the preparturient period. It was found that in determining the physiological parameters of unspecific humoral immunity, the behavior of the animals should be borne in mind. Significant differences exist in the examined parameters of unspecific immune responses and behavior of foxes. The highest and statistically significant level of haptoglobin, IgG and lysozyme was noted in fearful foxes in comparison to aggressive and confident animals. It can be assumed that lower phagocytic and bactericidal activity noted in the fearful foxes in comparison to that in the aggressive and confident animals is compensated by a higher bacteriolytic activity of lysozyme and a higher level of serum IgG.
Changes in the amount of lysozyme and the activity of myeloperoxidase in healthy carp aged 2-17 months were assessed. It was found that the amount of lysozyme depended on the age of the fish and to some extent on their body weight. In the case of the myeloperoxidase activity no such interrelationship was observed.
The immune response in fish includes both cellular and humoral components. The aim of the study was to analyze the specific and adaptive immune response of carp using such parameters as the respiratory burst of blood phagocytes, lysosomal serum activity and the proliferative activity of lymphocytes induced by T-dependent mitogens PHA and Con A. Blood samples from 70 clinically healthy carp with body weights from 90 to 400 g were collected during a breeding season of 7 months, in March, April, May, June, July, September and October, The water temperatures in these months were, respectively, 4°C, 11°C, 16°C, 18°C, 22°C, 14°C, 8°C, and the fish were exposed to the stress being caught in March and October. The effect of low temperature and the stress factor (catching) on the leukocyte population was a reduction in the total number of white blood cells and lymphocytes and an increase in neutrophils. A negative relationship between the respiratory burst in neutrophils stimulated and water temperature was shown. The lowest values occurred at temperatures optimal for carp (18-22°C). Lysozyme activity in the samples increased from March to October and was the highest in autumn. The lowest proliferative activity of T lymphocytes was found in March, the highest in June and July. This study is the first to show the effect of suboptimal temperatures and the stress of being caught on defense mechanisms in 9 to16-month-old carp during the breeding season. The results suggest that these mechanisms are influenced by interaction between the endocrine and immune systems, in which the presumably elevated cortisol level has an immunomodulatory function.
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