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In the paper three cases are presented and analysed, which show innovations in the use of woody biomass for the production of heat and woody fuel (pellets). In two of the firms analysed woody biomass boilers were installed, and in the third case a technological line for the production of pellets was assembled. The analysis was made based on information acquired during interviews conducted in the companies. Pro-innovative people, who acted as “innovation motors” in the companies contributed greatly to the success of the innovative undertakings. The financing of the innovations was the most important problem in the realization of the undertakings, and a possibility to use public funding played a significant role. The successfully implemented innovations contributed to an increase in competitiveness of the companies, which allowed to use locally available woody biomass resources and to reduce the emissions of pollutants and CO2 to the atmosphere.
Torrefaction is a mild pre-treatment of biomass at the temperatures range from 200°C to 300°C. This report presents preliminary studies of torrefaction process for different types of raw material. A torrefied product has a brown/black colour, reduced moisture content, and increased heating value (HHV and LHV). It has favourable properties for application as a fuel for gasification and combustion.
The course of the pelleting process, its energy consumption, and pellet quality are determined by conditioning itself. Here, conditioning should be understood as additional warming along with additional moisturizing of a mixture just prior to its pelleting. Softening of fodder components and partial gelatinization of starch occur during that process. Steam that can be sometimes replaced by water is commonly used for conditioning. Experiments were aimed at evaluating the influence of lower temperatures applied during conditioning on the pelleting process depending on matrix compression level, as well as on kinetic stability of pellets and process efficiency. Fodder mixture for poultry was the material for study. A compression level of 1:21 in an industrial granulator allowed for achieving high stability of pellets (94-97%) for all samples. In the laboratory system where compression level was 1:17, the dependence of kinetic stability on conditioning temperature could be observed. The increase of mixture temperature after conditioning process was accompanied by stability increase (from 58%-82%).
The increase in interest in firewood, wooden residue and post production byproducts and timber fuels has been generated by growing ecological awareness of the society as well as conventional energy sources price rise. In recent years ever more significance has been gained by pellet due to high stability and the possibility of automation of co-firing process. Development prospects of that thoroughly modern ecological fuel to a large extend are conditioned by price of heat unit generated from it. In the article pellet price analysis on the domestic market between 2004 and 2010 has been carried out as well as increase in prices of other energy sources in the period between 2001 and 2010 have been presented. Following the calculation of useful exploitation cost of heat unit derived from various fuels profitability of their usage in relation to pellet has been determined.
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