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The study presents a comparison of the distribution of palm dermatoglyphs in the rural populations of different regions of Poland, namely, the Lublin region, the areas of Suwałki, Ostrołeka, and of the village of Giebło. A comparison of the occurrence frequency of dermatoglyphs in the above-mentioned areas reveals statistically significant differences between particular patterns. The differences result from ethnic isolation and isolation of the communities caused by geographical barriers.
The present study reports the frequent isolation of the two date palm pathogens Thielaviopsis paradoxa (de Seynes) Hohn and T. punctulata (Hennebert) Paulin, Harrington et McNew from soil of date palm plantations at Elx, south-east Spain, using dilution plate, direct soil plating or by soil treatment either with acetic acid or phenol. The two species showed a high isolation rate. T. punctulata detected from all samples (100% isolation rate), whereas, T. paradoxa showed 52% isolation rate. Total fungal colony count, ranged from 1.1×105-6 x105, CFU/g dry soil. Out of these, T. punculata comprised between 0.2-3.2% and T. paradoxa, between 0.5-4.4%. Both species were characterized by development of thick-walled aleuroconidia either singly (T. punctulata) or in chains (T. paradoxa) in addition to the phialoconidia. The widespread occurrence of the two pathogens in soil may contribute to the possibility of infection of newly transplanted offshoots of date palms.
Five plant oils from sesame (Sesamum indicum), oil-palm (Elaeis guineensis), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), castor (Ricinus communis) and maize (Zea mays) at a dosage of 5 ml/kg of common bean seeds and a control of malathion dust 2% active substance (a. s.) at a dose 0.5 g/kg of seeds were evaluated for their ability to suppress the populations of Z. subfasciatus. Castor and palm oils resulted in effective protection comparable to that of malathion. There were a significant low percentage seed damage and weight loss in seeds treated with malathion, castor and palm oils. Total number of weevils in these treatments were least, compared to other plant oils studied. All treatments did not show adverse effect on germination capability of the seeds. This study showed that it is possible to use castor or palm oils to protect common bean seeds against Z. subfasciatus infestations. These products can be obtained locally at a reasonable cost.
Cooking oil deteriorates with repeated thermal exposure, resulting in appearance change and formation of oxygen radicals. Consumption of the deteriorated oil causes oxidative stress related to lipid metabolism. This study evaluated the effects of palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) oil on hepatic histology, redox status, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) profiles. Adult female mice were orally given purified water (control), fresh, or reused palm oil (4.5 g/kg/day) daily for 16, 24, and 36 weeks. The livers were then collected for histological examination and for the evaluation of the redox system and CYP expression profiles. Treatment with fresh oil for 36 weeks resulted in some pyknosis and karyorrhexis in hepatic tissues, while reused oil resulted in more injuries to the nuclei with hepatic fat accumulation from week 24 onwards. Depletion in reduced glutathione (GSH) stores, with a significant decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio, was observed with the reused oil but not with the fresh oil. The expression profiles of drug-metabolizing CYPs were significantly modulated; Cyp2c29, Cyp3a11, and Cyp3a13 were suppressed by both fresh and reused oil, while only the reused oil elevated Cyp2e1. The expression of Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14, the key enzymes in lipid metabolism, were expectedly up-regulated by both. These findings suggest reused oil has a deleterious effect on hepatic ultrastructure, induces an imbalance of redox state, and causes Cyp2e1 activation-associated oxidative stress. It is therefore recommended that fresh rather than reused palm oil be used for cooking, and large-scale or long-term consumption be avoided to reduce the risk of liver damage and drug-interactions.
The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was applied to identify palm varieties. Fluorescence labelled primers were used in selective amplifications and the amplified fragments were detected on capillary gel electrophoresis using an automated DNA sequencer with the analysis fragment option. This is a rapid and efficient technique for detecting a large number of DNA markers on the date palm. Phoenix dactylifera L. varieties Bou-Fegous, Medjool, and E-528 from Estación Phoenix (Elche), Spain, were analysed, yieding a total of 310 AFLP fragments derived from five primer combinations. The process for regenerating the date palm cultivars from in vitro tissue culture should yield individuals phenotypically and genetically identical to the explant they are derived from. The AFLP markers obtained were successfully used for comparing and identifying vitroplants of palm.
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