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Three antibiotics (avoparcin, flavomycin and wirginia- mycin) used as fodder additives for poultry were compared. The antibiotics were injected into the yolk sac of six-day-old chick embryos. Gross lesions in dead embryos, hatching, total protein content, activity of A1AT, AspAT, AP, BUN and uric acid were examined in chickens. Wirginiamycin appeared to be the most toxic for chick embryos. Avoparcin and flavomycin damaged lever and kidneys in dead embryos and affected down in hatched chickens. Avoparcin decreased hatching by 16.7%. A decreased serum activity of AspAT, BUN (p<0.05) and uric acid (p<0.01) may reflect strong disturbances of cell metabolism. Flavomycin disturbed the hatching schedule and lowered hatching by 24.71%. The increased A1AT (p<0.05) in chicken sera reflects liver damage.
The experiment studied 32 crossbred fatteners. The animals were fed in a two-stage system with the addition of feed antibiotic (control group - C) or prebiotic BIO-MOS (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, strain 1026; 0.1% during the first period of fattening) (experimental group - E). From 16 animals chosen at random (8 fatteners each from groups E and C) the following sections of small intestine were sampled post mortem and preserved for histological, histochemical and immuno-histochemical evaluation: duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Staining by the review (H-E) and paS-Alcjan method was carried out. Antibodies bax, bcl-x, bcl-2 and PCNA and Ki-67 were used to evaluate apoptosis and proliferation. The preliminary studies in situ revealed the suitability of the employed antibodies: bax, bcl-x and bcl-2 in evaluating apoptosis. Histological, histochemical and immuno-histochemical evaluation of the mucosa in the small intestines of the animals receiving feed antibiotic or its replacer - prebiotic, showed that the effect of the employed additives differentiated in terms of morphological traits, apoptosis and proliferation abilities of crypts’ epithelium. It was concluded that there were no negative effects of BIO-MOSS on the mucosa of the small intestine in fatteners.
The experimeit was carried out on 1350 Astra В chickens divided into 5 groups. Standard mixture was fed to the control group. In the remaining four groups, the amount of maize meal was decreased and half of the soybean meal replaced by 15/13% of rapeseed meal. The kind and the amount of antibiotic added to the mixtures varied. The mixtures contained 8/6 mg or 12/6 mg of flavomycin per kg or 10/10 mg or 20/10 mg of tylosln per kg. The final body weight in the control group as well as in the groups fed on mixtures supplemented with rapeseed meal and 8/6 mg of flavomycin, was about 4% higher compared with that in other groups. Feed consumption was the lowest in the controls /P< 0,01/. Productivity effects were better in the groups receiving 8/6 mg of flavomycin per kg of the mixture compared to those fed on •mixtures supplemented with tylosin. Rapeseed meal supplement in the mixtures resulted in the increase of thyroid weight by 22-37%.
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the addition to mixed fodder compouds containing fumaric acid, formic acid, orthophosphoric acid and flavomycin on the productive effects of piglets aged up to 60 days. The experimental was carried out on 30 piglet litters divided into 6 experimental groups. Group I was regarded as a negative control in which the animals did not received any supplements of stimulating activity. The piglets of group II, III, IV, V and VI were given the same fodder with different supplements of ergotropic type, i.e. group II - flavomycin (25 g/t), group III - 1.5% of fumaric acid and flavomycin (25 g/t), IV - 1.5% of fumaric acid, group V - 3% of Cytromix and group VI- 1.5% of Formic-Stabil. It was found that: a) Piglets fed on mixed fodder with the stimulating supplements had higher daily gains of body weight using less fodder per 1 kg of gains compared with animals receiving only the fodder without the supplements; b) The supplements of fumaric acid, formic acid and orthophosphoric acid to fodder designated for piglets aged up to 60 days had a similar influence to other stimulating supplements; c) The best productive effects in piglets aged up to 60 days were observed after administration of supplements in the form of flavonic acid plus fumaric acid; d) Fumaric acid, formic acid, orthophosphoric acid and flavomycin inhibited the development of bacteria and saprophytic fungi in mixed fodder for 6 months.
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