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The aim of the experiment was to assess the susceptibility of buckwheat grains and products to the infestation by Trogoderma granarium Everts. The observations were conducted on three buckwheat cultivars: Hruszowska, Emka and Kora. The results suggest that buckwheat grains and products as suitable for the development of the first larval stages of Trogoderma granarium as wheat grain and wheat flour. However, extension of the development stage on buckwheat seems to indicate that the seed cover inhibits the capacity of larvae to feed on buckwheat.
The objective of current study was to determine the chemical constituents and fumigant toxicity of essential oil isolated by hydro-distillation from dry fruit of bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller). The chemical composition of the essential oil was assessed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Constituents of the oil were determined as α-pinene (1.6%) and limonene (3.3%), fenchone (27.3%), estragol (3.9%), and (E)-anethole (61.1%). The fumigant toxicity of the essential oil was tested on larvae of the stored product insect Trogoderma granarium Everts. The mortality of larvae was tested at different concentrations ranging from 31.2 to 531.2 μl/l air and at different exposure times (24 and 48 h). Probit analysis showed that LC50 and LC90 following a 48 h-exposure period for essential oil were 38.4 and 84.6 μl/l, respectively. These results showed that the essential oil from F. vulgare may be applicable to the management of populations of stored-product insects.
The khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts) is one of the most harmful storage pests found on quarantine lists of all the EPPO member countries. The authors, therefore, undertook observations on the duration of the development of the khapra beetle on barley malt and on the kernels of some malting barley varieties, referring the results obtained to the duration of the pest's development on wheat grain, which was used as the control environment is very important. The results seem to prove that although the development of the khapra beetle on barley grain and on malt differs in the duration of particular developmental phases, the differences observed did not have any significant effect on the physiology of the insect.
The objective of the study was to determine feeding preferences of the khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts) towards some plant products. The material for the investigations was composed of grain of four barley varieties: Brenda, Krona, Maresi, Rasbet; barley malt, and nutlets of three varieties of buckwheat: Hruszowska, Emka and Kora. The reference material comprised wheat grain of the commercial variety Almari. The results showed that the development of T. granarium larvae on barley grain and malt took longer than on wheat grain. The authors observed that buckwheat nutlets were comparable to barley kernels as a food for the development of the pest. The pest showed more feeding preferences to buckwheat products, grits and meal to barley grain.
The aim of this work has been to determine the characteristics of seven natural peptide substances. The chemical formulas of the substances were as follows: HCL-TrypNH2, AC-Ach-OH, Perm(C-7)-α-Ala-AN, Boc-Ala-AN, H-Tyr(O-C10-H21)OH, C6H5-CH2S-C-Phe, C-t-Per-An. ǁ O The experiment was executed on five species of storage pests: Tribolium confusum Duv., Stiphilus granarius L., Stegobium paniceum L., Trogoderma granariwn Ev., Rhizoperlha dominica F. The experiment consisted of two parts. In the first part, the deterrent effect of the peptide substances was assessed by saturating the food (wheat wafers) to 1% concentration of each substance. The second part involved testing the effect of the substances on mortality of pests. The development of insects was screened for 30 days. The deterrent effect of the substances applied varied and was dependent on a species of pests. It was found out that substances of II and III deterrence class were effective in protecting stored products from Tribolium confusum and Sitophilus granarius. All the substances tested in the course of our study can be applied against Stegobium paniceum. The other two pests were neither deterred nor was their mortality affected by any of the peptide substances examined.
The aim of the work was to study the feeding deterrent activity of precocenes, their synthetic analogues, and some related compunds to storage pests: Sitophilus granarius L., Tribolium confusum Duv., Trogoderma granarium Ev., and aphids: Myzus persicae (Sulz.). Among all tested compounds precocenes I and II exhibited the best feeding deterrent activity against all tested insects. 4-Chromanols (16, 17 and 18), alcohols 19, 20 and 3-chromanone ( 15) showed high deterrence towards the larvae of T. confusum. The best antifeedant activity towards the adults of both T. confusum and S. granarius was observed for substituted phenols with methoxy group at benzene ring. The biological tests carried out on aphids showed that the presence of methoxy group in the molecule was a crucial structural factor for the appearance of antifeedant activity against these insects.
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