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Moisture, ash and sum of hypericin compounds in herb and seeds of St. John’s wort were determined. Moreover were estimated and compared the content of sum of hypericin compound in gallenic and pharmaceutical preparations with producer’s requirements. The content of sum of hypericin compounds in Hyperici herba and Hyperici semen amounted to 68.67 mg% and 9.19 mg%, respectively. Hypericin content in liquid alcoholic preparations ranged from 0.3 mg% for Succus Hyperici up to 2.17 mg% for Psychotonisol. For solid preparations produced in capsules form, content of sum of hypericin compounds amounted to 0.18 mg/caps for Hyperplant and 1.19 mg/caps for Perhip.
The paper is concerned with the pathogenicity of four isolates of Seimatosporium hypericinum towards the leaves, stems and seeds of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). The conidial spores of the tested fungus isolates growing on a glucose-potato nutrient medium were used in inoculation of the seeds stratified at the temperature of 0°C and disinfected superficially. The infection suspension contained 10" conidia/1 ml of sterile distilled water. The leaves and stems were infected through the injured and non-injured epidermis. The infection material consisted of 3 mm rings of the mycelium from 14-day-old sporulating cultures of the examined isolates of S. hypericinum. Artificially infected and control seeds and leaves were kept in moisture chambers at temperatures of 27°C and 22°C, respectively. Inoculation of the stems of St. John's wort took place in a climatic chamber. Positive results of reisolation of S. hypericinum from the artificially infected leaves and stems showed a possibility of infecting those parts by the tested isolates of the fungus. On the other hand, it was not possible to reisolate the fungus cultures from the artificially infected seeds of St. John's wort.
This study examined the effects of different exogenous auxins and cytokinins at 0.1-5.0 mg·l-1 concentration on shoot cuttings of two H. perforatum clones transformed with a wild agropine strain of A. rhizogenes and one untransformed clone. Their sensitivity to the auxins varied and showed concentration-dependent behavior, and the response to auxins differed between the transgenic clones. The number of cuttings of transgenic clones capable of root formation, and the onset of rooting on most of the media with auxins lagged behind the control. The number of differentiated shoots of the transgenic clones on hormone-free medium was two to three times higher than that of the untransformed control. Regenerated shoots of the transgenic clones on basal medium branched much less than the nontransgenic clone. The transgenic and control clones differed in their ability to form shoots on media supplemented with cytokinins. Increased cytokinins led to differentiation of shorter shoots with fewer leaf pairs. Because gene expression studies have shown integration of rolABC genes, their possible impact on the type of morphogenetic response is discussed.
Optimization of conditions for hydroquinone biotransformation into its β-ᴅ-glucoside, arbutin, in agitated shoot cultures of Ruta graveolens L. and Hypericum perforatum L. allowed us to obtain a maximum content of this important therapeutic and cosmetic product of 7.8 and 7.2% (dry weight), respectively. These contents are higher than respective values required for standardization of known arbutin-containing plant raw materials according to the European Pharmacopoeia and national pharmacopoeias of European countries.
Pestycydy
|
2008
|
nr 3-4
109-116
The object of the research work were an isolate of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose on Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s Wort) as well as three fungicides belonging to different chemical groups: Sarfun 500 SC, Amistar 250 SC and Gwarant 500 SC. The studies on the inhibiting mycelium growth effect were carried out in vitro on the media amended with the fungicides at concentrations corresponding to field recommended doses for control of anthracnose of many vegetables and ornamental plants and additionally in values double increased and decreased them. The results showed that Sarfun 500 SC even at the twice reduced dose (0.05%) concentration was most effective against this pathogen. Amistar 250 SC at the lower concentration (0.05%) demonstrated low antifungal activity but the effect of 0.1% concentration was significantly higher. In the case of the fungicide Gwarant 500 SC the effective concentration was 0.4% whereas recommended dose is 0.2%. The Sarfun 500 SC and Amistar 250 SC can be therefore regarded as a prospective means of limiting growth and development of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and protecting St. John’s Wort from this pathogen.
The present investigation was carried out to analyse the presence of endophytes in the above-ground parts of Hipericum perforatum and to analyse the biodiversity and enumeration of epiphytes. Plant material was collected in Poland three times during the growing season. Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of all the endophytes and the most abundant epiphytes were researched. We analysed fungistatic activity of this isolates. From the endosphere of tested plant Alcaligenes faecalis and Bacillus licheniformis were isolated. The most numerous epiphytes were the copiotrophs and a bit less numerous were oligotrophs, bacteria cultivated on Bunt and Rovir’s medium and fungi. The least numerous bacteria were Azotobacter sp. Among all the molds dominant were: Cladosporium herbarum, C. cladosporioides and Alternaria consortialis, A. alternata, Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata (Gliocladium catenulatum), Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Penicillium terrestre. Among phyllobacteria there were found mostly the following species: Burkholderia cepacia, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida, Pantoea agglomerans, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus cereus, Rhodococcus sp., R. erythropolis and Cellulosimicrobium cellulans. The broadest spectrum of antifungal activity was examined for the following species: Paenibacillus polymyxa, Pseudomonas putida and Pantoea agglomerans. P. polymyxa limited the growth of over 82% tested molds, so did the other two strains: P. agglomerans over 77% and P. putida over 73%.
The object of the research work was an isolate of S. hypericinum D 1224, as well as ten fungicides belonging to different chemical groups. The studies on the toxic effect were conducted in vitro by means of poisoning the media with the use of 1, 10 and 100 μg a.i./cm3 of the tested preparations. The obtained results showed that the compounds of thiophanatemethyl and triadimephon caused complete inhibition of the growth of S. hypericinum, when the dose of 10 and 100 μg a.i./cm3 was used, while in the case of mancozeb the effective dose was 100μg a.i./cm3. These compounds, as well as trifloxystrobin, can be therefore regarded as a prospective means of limiting growth and development of S. hypericinum and protecting St. John’s wort from this pathogen. The effect of the other compounds on S. hypericinum was less toxic.
Eight accessions of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) originating from natural sites in Lithuania were investigated ex situ. The content and composition of flavonoids and phenolic acids, as well as the contents of hypericin and pseudohypericin in the herb were determined. The total contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids ranged from 2.42% to 3.10% and from 1.16% to 3.17%, respectively. The dominant flavonoid compounds were rutin, hyperoside and isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside. The presence of two phenolic acids (chlo- rogenic and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic one) was also stated. The content of hypericin and pseudohypericin ranged from 37.01 to 99.12 mg/100g.
The aim of investigation was to find the differences in the content and composition of essential oil between 16 ecotypes of St. John’s wort growing wild in the different localities in South-Eastern Poland. The herb was collected during full blooming. Significant differences both in the content and composition of essential oil of investigated populations were found. The essential oil content ranged from 0.10% to 0.47%. Its major constituents were 2-methyloctane and α-terpineol.
Yields of herbs of both compared species were significantly higher in the second year (St. John's-wort by 47%, and goldenrod by 20%). The share of the most valuable parts (leaves and flowers) in the raw material was similar in the first and second year (St. John's-wort: 68% and 69%, goldenrod: 73% and 68%, respectively). As far as the contents of biologically active compounds are concerned, the raw material obtained in the second year was more valuable: hypericine in St John's-wort increased by 0.2% and leiocarposide in goldenrod by 0.15% (flavonoids were at the same level).
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