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Hydrochemical studies were performed from May to December 2004 at four stations in the polymictic, polyhumic Siemianówka Dam Reservoir (SDR) located on the upper Narew River in northeastern Poland. The total manganese (TMn) concentrations in the reservoir waters varied from 118 μg/dm3 to 638 μg/dm3 , and their increased values are caused by forming complexes with organic matter present in waters flowing from wetlands and forests. Until the moment when the maximum manganese concentration occurred in the reservoir, its upper part was characterized by the higher manganese concentration than the lower part. A long retention time of water delays the occurrence of total manganese maximum in the lower part in SDR. Maximal TMn concentrations were noted in the lower part of the reservoir in the end of summer, while minimal for the upper part in winter. The organic dissolved manganese fractions (ODMn), were the largest part of TMn, slightly less was the particular manganese (PMn) fraction, and the smallest part constituted the reactive dissolved manganese fraction (RDMn). Low concentrations of reactive manganese in winter are due to a low pH value and low concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOC). Manganese sorption on colloids increases in summer and is accompanied by a pH increase during an intensive photosynthesis of algae and cyanoprocaryota.
Winter conditions of low air temperature cause development of ice phenomena at rivers and reservoirs, creating often problems in their exploitation. There is a need to continuously monitor the spatial extension of ice phenomena and their different forms. Local water authority (RZGW Warszawa) prepares for rivers under their administration a daily reports on ice conditions in winter. Ice reports are prepared from visual inspection of the RZGW personnel visiting selected sections of the river course. This is specially problematic in holidays and weekends when usually data from observations are missing. In this study it is tested application of microwave remote sensing data from Sentinel-1 platform to observe the development and recession of the ice cover at the Dębe reservoir in winter 2017. Satellite Sentinel-1 radar images are distributed by the European Space Agency (ESA) on the open access policy. These are two satellites A and B which every 2 days collect images in SAR active remote sensing technique. Dębe reservoir was created in 1963 by closing by the barrage Narew river below its confluence with Bug river. Maximum water head is 7.10 m, and average 6.8 m. Area of the reservoir is 30.3 km2 average discharge of Bug river at Wyszków gauge is 162 m³ ·s⁻¹, and Narew river at Zambski Kościelne gauge 139 m³ ·s⁻¹. Retention time of water in the reservoir is 3–4 days. Comparison of the average water temperature at gauge Zambski Kościelne and Wyszków from the winter half-year of the period 1963–1981 shows the increase of water temperature by 0.5–1 C after the year 1972 when Ostrołęka power station was put in to operation.. This difference in the temperature between Narew and Bug rivers is reflected by the ice conditions at the end of winter season. Sentinel-1 SAR instrument emits electromagnetic wavelength of 6 cm (C band), and are use two polarizations VH and VV. Using SNAP program geometric correction and color composite was created for selected images at the beginning and end of ice cover at Dębe reservoir on Narew river, covering period January 5-March 6, 2017. It has been found that interpretation of the Sentinel-1 images is most problematic if we want to detect boundary between open calm water and new fast ice. The flow of pancake ice on January 5, 2017 had been recorded and the pattern of ice distribution compared to flow lines calculated by the hydrodynamic CCHE2D model. Result of the hydrodynamic modeling shows circulation pattern in the widest part of the reservoir where are also the most favorable conditions for lake type of ice cover formation. End of ice cover is represented by the image of February 26, 2017 which shows the Narew river free from ice due to higher temperature of the water. Relatively simple visual interpretation of the Sentinel-1 VH and VV images can by used in the study of ice phenomena on major rivers and lakes.
An aim of the research was to test a hypothesis that impact of a shallow hypertrophic reservoir on riverine zooplankton is limited to a short section of the outflowing river because of a rapid conversion of the lentic habitat into the lotic one. The second hypothesis assumed that species richness of zooplankton is increasing along the river due to washing out littoral and benthic species. The study was carried out in the years 2009–2010, during summer-autumn strong dominance of toxic filamentous Cyanobacteria in a shallow hypertrophic humic Siemianówka Dam Reservoir (northeast Poland) and the outflowing Narew River. During research samples were collected on three consecutive days because water requires approximately as much time to cover the distance from the dam down to 118 km of the river. Results of two-year studies confirmed both hypotheses. The hypertrophic reservoir was the huge source of rotifers and crustaceans for the outflowing river. However, a rapid decline was observed in zooplankton abundance below the dam at the distance of 9.1 km. With decreasing share of reservoir dominants along river, an increasing importance of littoral and benthic rotifers constituted ca 0.8% at the dam and 37.5% at 118 km of the river and crustacean ca 4% and 60% respectively. The dam reservoirs similar as fluvial lakes disrupt river continuity by changing the conditions of the zooplankton development. The strongest influence of reservoir on potamozooplankton communities is observed below outlets.
The study dealt with the bottom sediments from the Narew River in the section Bondary-Tykocin 18 tributaries in the catchment of the upper Narew. Samples were collected in summer (August) and autumn (October) 2005 from the surface layer of bottom sediments in the shore zone. Determinations of organic carbon were performed on a TOC 1200 analyzer (Thermo Euroglas). The bottom sediments collected from the upper Narew contained less organic carbon, which resulted from intensive mineralization. Sediments from the small rivers were most abundant in organic carbon. These rivers are characterized by a low flow rate and, in most cases, they are overgrown by water plants. The organic carbon contents were highly varied between the sampling points. Positive linear correlation was found between combustion loss and organic carbon content.
In the paper, the effects of differences in land use of a catchment and settlements on the variability of heavy metals concentrations (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni) in the Narew River and some of its tributaries such as the Biebrza, upper Narew, Pisa, Omulew and Rozoga rivers were studied. The investigations continued from 1997 to 2002. The areas dewatered by the watercources differ considerably in terms of environmental features (forests, wetlands, bogs and water reservoirs), land use (arable lands, grasslands) and population (man-made areas). The total catchment of the Narew River at the cross-section in Zamski Kościelne was also taken into account. The urban areas make up from 0.5% of the Rozoga River to 2.5% of the upper Narew catchment. Water samples were collected quarterly (April, July, October and January) from four study sites located near the river mouth and were analyzed for Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd and Ni by the AAS method. The results showed that concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cd and Ni increased along the Narew River due to the accumulation of the elements in water. A significant influence on high heavy metal concentrations in water was produced by the town of Białystok, a source of large amounts of municipal pollutants discharged into the river. This mainly affected the content of Zn, as the highest pollution with this element was detected in the upper Narew River. The lowest Zn concentrations were observed in the Omulew River water, where forests dominated in the area, covering more than 48% of the catchment. The research showed that wetlands and lakes significantly decreased Pb, Cu, Cd and Ni concentrations in flowing water, but the presence of large inhabited areas with dense population and municipal pollution increased concentrations of heavy metals in river water.
Although some small amounts of mercury in surface water come from natural environment, much higher quantities originate from anthropogenic sources, including industry and agriculture. Mercury readily accumulates in bottom sediments, from which it can return to water, which can be a serious cause of mercury pollution even after other mercury sources are removed from a river’s drainage basin. Concentration of mercury was examined in river waters flowing from basins characterised by different land use and population density. Samples of water were collected from two right tributaries of the Narew River, called the Pisa and the Biebrza, and at six sites in the middle section of the main river. The areas drained by these three rivers lie within the ecosystem known as the Green Lungs of Poland. It was found that the average mercury concentration in the waters of the Narew and its tributaries ranged between 0.3 and 0.9 pg dm-3, being only slightly higher than the concentrations typical of unpolluted territories. The highest mercury content occurred in spring and in the waters from agricultural-forested basins with large towns. Changes in the mercury outflow were associated with accumulation of household pollutants downstream, atmospheric conditions as well as the content of organic matter and suspended solids in the river waters. Low concentration of mineral suspension and organic substance carried by the Pisa River significantly depressed the mercury content in the water of this river. In the Biebrza River, the concentration of both organic and mineral substance was directly proportional to the content of mercury.
Results of the survey into expansive growth of the common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) carried out in the upper Narew River valley (NE Poland) within the whole area of Narew National Park (6810 ha) (NNP) are presented in the paper. The Narew River is an anastomosing river in the part subjected to the analysis and an open swampy bog ecosystem has formed within its valley. Sedge communities and to a lesser degree meadow communities are typical plant communities in the study area. Till the end of the 1970’s, the area was agriculturally used. Since the beginning of the 1980’s when grassland mowing was discontinued, expansion of reed communities has been recorded. The analysis of reed expansion has been based upon data on its range originating from interpretation of aerial NIR photos made in 1987 and 1997. The field survey and analysis of the air photos have shown that the reed expansion rate differs depending on the location in the study area. Assessment showed that in 1987 the total area of the common reed stands equalled 1214.75 ha (18% of the NNP area), and in 1997 – 2300.6 ha (34%). Due to considerable homogeneity of habitat features within the valley and habitat requirements of reed, a basic hypothesis has been put forward that the rate of reed expansion in terms of the increase of reed community area is related to bankline density and length. The material obtained and statistical analysis have confirmed that assumption. Besides, it was mentioned that cessation of mowing sedge grasslands along with a change in character of spring surface flooding also contributed to reed expansion.
Experience from works on the natural basis of restoration concepts for five objects in the upper Narew valley are presented. Special attention was paid to verifying the initial aims due through field surveys. According to the assumptions, the restoration aim was to maintain and create habitats for valuable wetland and open water birds and to limit organic soil degradation. Presented examples show how many circumstances determine the final restoration concept e.g. adopted goal and direction of the restoration, economic and ownership determinants, use of the reclaimed areas, their transformation and a predicted effect the actions on the surrounding grounds. The authors described the study method applied to degraded wetlands and then, based on the investigation of each object, they verified their initial assumptions with respect to the directions and range of the restoration.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace metals were analysed in surface sediments of the Narew River (north-eastern Poland). Sediment samples originated from sites with a differentiated human influence starting with the unpolluted areas (the Biaµowie.a Forest / Puszcza Biaµowieska, the so-called şgreen lungs of Polandş) to the areas in the neighbourhood of small towns in northeastern Poland. Marked differences in pollution levels of the above areas were observed. The PAH contents range from 21-600 mg/kg, with a dominant share of low molecular PAHs. The sediment pollution level with trace metals was relatively low. None of the metals determined (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) occurred in an amount that could have created a risk to water organisms.
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Aquatic snails of tributaries to the Narew River

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W pracy przedstawiono wybrane wyniki oceny jakości wód rzecznych w systemie Narwi. Badania te stanowią integralną część szerokiego projektu badawczego, którego celem było określenie wpływu użytkowania zlewni na transport substancji rozpuszczonych w wodach Narwi i wybranych jej dopływów. W pracy dokonano (a) rozpoznania środowiska przyrodniczego zlewni oraz źródeł dostawy substancji chemicznych do wód płynących; (b) analizy mechanizmów odpływu wód i substancji rozpuszczonych w warunkach zróżnicowanej gospodarki agrarnej oraz (c) określenia jakościowych i ilościowych zmian dokonujących się w chemizmie wód jako skutku warunków istniejących w badanych zlewniach. Przedstawione w pracy jakościowe charakterystyki są efektem procesów, które rządzą zasilaniem koryta rzecznego w systemie o zróżnicowanych warunkach przyrodniczych oraz rolniczej działalności człowieka. Występujące zmiany jakości wody wzdłuż profilu podłużnego Narwi są rezultatem bezpośrednich dostaw zanieczyszczeń oraz z systemów niższych rangą taksonomiczną. Ze względu na średnią zawartość wskaźników ogólnego zanieczyszczenia substancjami organicznymi (BZT₅, ChZT) jakość wód Narwi oraz dopływów (Biebrzy, Pisy, Rozogi i Omulwi) różnicowała się od I (bardzo dobrej) do IV (niezadowalającej) klasy jakości.
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