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The aim of the study was to evaluate the resistance of caraway genotypes to water deficit based on the estimation of cell membrane stability (CMS) in leaves using polyethylene glycol (PEG) test. In 2007 and 2008, 25 selected caraway genotypes, originating from European botanical gardens (18), cultivars (2) and our own breeding strains (5), were tested. The plant material was collected from the experimental field. The obtained results showed highly significant differences in cell membrane injuries (p = 0.001) among investigated genotypes. The rank of genotypes in membrane injury index in 2007 was similar to that of 2008. Caraway genotypes originating from Warsaw (49.4%), Cracow (45.3%), Reykiavik (39.9%), Berlin (23.8%), Wisley (22.7%) and strains 9/2 (23.7%), 60/8 (22.2%) exhibited a high level of injury, which showed weak CMS and their high sensitivity to drought. The lowest extent of membrane injury was observed in genotypes originating from Bayreuth (4.2%), Ulm (4.4%), Cluj (5.5%), Lousanne (6.8%) and cultivar "Kończewicki" VI/4 (6.2%), which proves low sensitivity of these genotypes to water deficit and cell membrane stability. These genotypes may be used in further breeding program to improve caraway resistance to drought.
In the years (1989 -1991) the geassland experiment on the peat - muck soil near Miedwie Lake were carried out in which the influence of Caraway common (Carum carvi) and its diferent participations (0, 5,10, 20, 30%) in grass mixture with fertilization appiled N (0, 80,160, 240, 320 kg ha-1) and constant P120 po K150 on magnesium content has been tested. The researches showed that meadow sward on the peat - muck soil with paricipations of Carum carvi, contain more magnesium (0,36 - 0,71% of dry matter) than feed- ding standard determined. Increasing nitrogen doses decreased the magnesium content in sward.
The aim of present work was to determine pathogenicity of three Colletotrichum dematium isolates to caraway. The effect of post-culture liquids and water suspension of conidia on germination of caraway schizocarps was studied in laboratory conditions. The effect of C. dematium on shooting up and healthiness of the seedlings was carried out in the climatic chamber using the method with infested soil and solidified plaster of culture medium overgrown by the mycelium of the pathogen. The studied isolates of fungus made the germination of parts of tested schizocarps impossible. On the other hand, all isolates caused necrosis of germs and roots of the other germinated schizocarps. The method with Colletotrichum dematium post-culture liquids was recognized as the best to a fast estimation of pathogenicity of fungus to caraway. Based on the positive results of pathogenicity tests the studied isolates of C. dematium were recognized as pathogenic to caraway. Considering this fact and repeated frequency of isolation of the fungus from various organs of this plant (M a c h o w i c z - S t e f a n i a k , 2010), C. dematium was recognized as a potentially pathogenic species to caraway.
Influence of the different nitrogen fertilization and the participation of carvay (Carum Carvi) on Ca and Mg contentin in the medow green growth. The experiment has been carried in RZD Lipki using the split blocks with the uniform composition of mixture and changing participation of carvay varied (Carum Carvi). The nitrogen fertilization varied(from 0,80,160,240, 360 kg/ha), phosphorus and potassium ones were constant, respectioely amounting to 120kg/ha and 150 kg/ha. There have been collected two swaths of meadow green growth in which there were discovered magnesium and calcium (after burning samples using wet methods) by absorption metod. It was stated that the calcium and magnesium content in the dry mass of meadow green growth from the first swath was lover than this from the second swath. Magnesium shortage took place when the nitrogen dose amounted to 320kg/ha and when the carvay (Carum Carvi) participation amounted to 5 and 10%. However calcium shortage took place when the Carum Carvi participation amounted to 10%, independently of the nitrogen dose.
Application of molecular markers makes the selection process much more effective. Marker assisted selection is an important tool for plant breeders to increase the efficiency of a breeding process, especially for multigenic traits, highly influenced by the environment. Epistasis is the interaction between alleles from two or more loci determining the complex traits, and thus plays an important role in the development of quantitative traits of crops. In this paper, the relationships between RAPD marker-by-marker interactions and 22 quantitative traits of caraway (Carum carvi L.) were analyzed. Significant associations of 116 epistatic markers with at least one trait in 2004 as well as 112 in 2005 were found on the basis of multivariate regression analysis. The proportion of total phenotypic variances of individual trait explained by the marker-by-marker interactions ranged from 25.3% to 96.0%.
Institut of Medical Plants has carried out research into the leaf feeding of caraway. Testing of Agrosol U (a feeding fluid for plants) has approved good influence of leaf feeding with this flushing supplement for increasment of vegetation and crop of caraway's seeds. As a result of leaf feeding an output of essential oil and weight mass of 1000 seeds was noticed. The most effective dosage of Agrosol U are 6 to 8 1/ha disolved in 300 1 of water. Leaf feeding has to be carried out during both first and second year of vegetation of caraway. Good result could be achieved if leaf feeding is supported with soil fertilization.
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