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The study aimed to recognize the supply chains used in the marketing of vegetables and their products, as well as the trends of changes occurring in it. An analysis of vegetable production in the World and Poland was made. The study presents a diagram of the supply chain in agribusiness prepared by the authors. Using the graphical method, a presentation of the flow of raw materials and vegetable products was made, starting from producers of production means for agriculture to the final consumer. The directions of changes in the production of vegetables and their products are presented. The literature of the subject, official statistical data, and studies prepared by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development as well as the Institute of Agricultural Economics and Food Economy - National Research Institute were used in the research. It was found that the vegetable logistics chain includes thousands of farmers, fruit and vegetable processing units, wholesale and retail trade. Such a chain must be very flexible, adapting to the challenges of domestic and foreign markets. The condition for success in implementing supply chains of the vegetable sector is the efficiency of their management, solidarity and trust of participants.
The paper demonstrates concentration and distribution of mercury in selected elements of the Świdwie lake ecosystem: sediment, surface and rain water, fish tissues (gills, kidney, liver, muscles, alimentary tract and its contents-of rudd, perch, roach, white bream, and pike); duckweed, bladderwort; leaves, stems, and roots of reed and cattail.
This paper provides information on the vertical distribution of cadmium and lead in the sediments, the amounts of the elements in the surface- and rain water, in selected fish organs, contents of their alimentary tracts, and in some plant species of the Świdwie Lake ecosystem. The levels and distribution of the analysed metals in the lake sediments gave evidence of their anthropogenic origin. The distribution of cadmium and lead in the organs and alimentary tracts of fishes, and especially the low level of the elements in fishes and plants suggests that the metals are linked to the abiotic components of the lake environment and they are not easily accessible for the organisms. The best bio-indicators of the pollution-level with cadmium and lead in the lake ecosystem are: the rudd, Scardinius erythrophtalmus L. and the roots of cattail, Typha angustifolia.
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The main purpose of the paper was to present changes in the concentration level of individual animal production in Poland. All Polish voivodships were selected for research purposefully. The research period concerned the years 2005-2019. The source of material was the literature on the subject and data from the Central Statistical Office. For the analysis and presentation of materials, descriptive, tabular and graphic methods as well as dynamics based on a constant basis, the Gini concentration factor and concentration analysis using the Lorenz curve were used. Specialization in animal production was found in several voivodships, such as Mazowieckie and Wielkopolskie. There were also voivodships focused on a given type of animal production, like Podlaskie on milk production. The concentration of animal production increased, which meant an even greater concentration of activities in several voivodships. The exception was sheep production, for which a decrease in the concentration of the sheep population and lamb production was noted. A reduction in the concentration of production also occurred in the production of veal meat. It should be noted that, as a rule, the dominant voivodships in given animal production increased the number of animals and the production of products obtained from these groups of farm animals the most.
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