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The quality and value of honey, as natural bio-product, depends on its sort and origin. The quantitative and qualitative relations of chemical elements are characteristic to each blossom of the plant from each region of the country, so general quantity of mineral materials depends on the location. The amounts of heavy metals (HM) – Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Sr, Rb, Ba, rare elements – Ce, La, U and organic chlorine compounds – DDT, its metabolites: DDD and DDE also α-HCH and γ-HCH and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) – were determined in samples of honey collected from different parts of Lithuania. It was established, that the concentration of heavy metals in Lithuanian honey varied in a large range: Pb 3.20÷24.10 μg/kg, Cd 3.90÷16.50 μg/kg, Cu 110.60÷389.40 μg/kg, and Zn 564.30÷5008.20 μg/kg. The determined concentrations of microelements stay within the Maximum Tolerable Limit (MTL) of Lithuanian Standards of Hygiene. In turn, 2248.50 μg/kg of Rb was found in honey, which was collected in the forest of Labanoras. According to the Rb amounts in honey, it can be assorted into honey of mead and forest. The concentrations of heavy metals determined in Lithuanian honey are lower than in honey of some other EU Countries. Polychlorinated biphenyls were not found in the examined samples of Lithuanian honey and only the prints of organochlorine compounds were observed.
Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni, Cr, Mn and V (HMs) were determined in flesh, fishbone, liver, gill and intestine of 20 freshwater fish (perch, roach, silver bream, semi-bream, chub, smelt, tench and pike) netted in various Lithuania fresh waters. 90% of fish flesh samples were contaminated with Pb at the concentration below the maximum tolerable level of Lithuanian Standards of Hygiene, although one sample was contaminated with 3.125 mg/kg Pb, which is 8 times above the normal. 40% of fish flesh samples were contaminated with the concentration of Cd exceeding the Maximum Tolerable Limit (MTL) value of the European Union. However, only in one fish flesh sample did Cd concentration exceed 1.5 times the Lithuanian MTL value. The concentration of HM in fishbone was higher than in fish flesh, except for Cr and V, where the concentration in bone and flesh was similar. The concentration of Pb and Cd in fishbone corresponded to the allowable standards for fodder addi­tives, processed from fish products and other sea organisms. The highest amounts of Fe, Zn and Mn were found in fishbone and inner organs: liver, gill and intestine. The concentration of HM in inner organs of fish was from several to twelve times higher than that in flesh. The largest amount of HM was found in liver. In order to develop the fishing industry in freshwater reservoirs it is necessary to maintain water quality standards, to monitor water and fish flesh pollution regularly as well as to control the concentration of HM in fish.
In this article we have presented genetic predispositions and the influence of numerous factors that occur during cattle fattening, transport and holding in slaughter plants, on their welfare and subsequently on the occurrence of defective meat, known in the literature as DFD (Dark, Firm, Dry) meat. Such meat is unwillingly bought by contemporary consumers because of its consistency and processing plants cannot intend it for production of durable processed meat due to its compliance to decay. To a great extent the occurrence of this meat defect is caused by people as a result of ignorance and incompliance of cattle welfare. It should also be remarked that there is a rising number of consumers interested in the place of origin of cattle and the way it was treated.
A feeding trial was performed on 1400 Big-6 turkey toms divided into experimental groups subject to the use of dietary supplements. The ain of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the probiotic supplement Bactocell, containing lactic acid bacteria Pediococcus acidilactici, and lactose, administered to turkeys separately or in combination, as well as a formic acid supplement. The addition of the probiotic under test (lactic acid bacteria Pediococcus acidilactici) to diets for turkeys contributed to higher daily gains and lower feed consumption per kg weigh gain only during the first 12 weeks of their life. Diet supplementation with lactic acid bacteria and lactose reduced mortality rates. A slaughter value analysis revealed only a slightly (by approximately 1%) higher content of breast muscle and a lower content of thigh muscle in birds fed diets supplemented with lactic acid bacteria. Turkeys receiving lactic acid bacteria or lactose and a combination of both these supplements were characterized by a higher fat content of meat and slightly lower pH values, whereas meat from turkeys fed lactose-supplemented diets was darker in color. The addition of formic acid Acidum formicum to diets for turkeys contributed only to lower mortality rates.
The impact of casein diet supplementation with oligosaccharides extracted from lupin and pea seeds on caecal short-chain fatty acids production and nitrogen balance was investigated in Wistar rats. The experimental diets were supplemented with 8% extract from lupin or pea seeds and contained 3.9 or 4.9% of α-galactosides, respectively. The control diet was supplemented with 5% of cellulose. The addition of lupin and pea oligosaccharides increased SCFA production in the caecum, compared to the cellulose control group. The pea extract stimulated acetate and propionate production, whereas the lupin preparation caused the highest caecal butyric acid pool. Amounts of SCFA produced per gram of ingested pea and lupin oligosaccharides were similar. The administration of lupin and pea preparations was accompanied by an increase in ammonia and protein contents in caecal digesta. Feeding oligosaccharides caused higher nitrogen excretion in faeces but had no considerable effect on nitrogen losses in urea nor N retention as compared to the control group.
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