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Introduction and Objective. The ability to perceive the symptoms of hypoglycemia during the early decrease in plasma glucose concentration may be critical for the safety of T1DM patients treated with intensive insulin therapy, including those treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). In the presented observational study an attempt was made to asses clinical factors that might affect subjective awareness of hypoglycemia in CSII-treated T1DM patients, with special attention to factors specific for this mode of treatment. Materials and Methods. For the purpose of the study, data of 110 CSII-treated T1DM patients were collected (78 females and 32 males). The records were analyzed from glucose meters (200-300 measurements/download, depending on meter type) and insulin pumps (total insulin dose, basal/bolus ratio, number of boluses/day, bolus calculator and dual wave/square bolus usage, continuous glucose monitoring data) from the last 3 years. Results. It was found that the level of subjective hypoglycemia perception inversely correlated with the number of hypoglycemic episodes per 100 measurements, age, duration of diabetes, time on insulin pump, and positively correlated with mean glycemia (n = 98; r = 0.22; p = 0.0286). With respect to CSII-related factors, hypoglycemia perception inversely correlated with the percentage of basal insulin (n = 106; r = -0.20; p = 0.0354). In stepwise regression analysis, independent predictors for impaired hypoglycemia perception were: age β = -0.29 (p = 0.023), duration of diabetes β = -0.24 (p = 0.029) and number of the hypoglycemia episodes for 100 measurements β = -0.33 (p = 0.0005). Conclusions. Risk factors for impaired hypoglycemia perception in CSII-treated patients include those identified previously for the general population of T1DM individuals. In addition, the presented results suggest that a higher basal/bolus ratio may lead to impairment of the ability to perceive early symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Introduction and objective. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) via personal insulin pump is a valuable therapeutic tool in T1DM patients. However, adherence to recommended CSII- related behaviours may be of concern to young adults with intensive, variable daily activities (students, young professionals). The aim of this observational study was to estimate treatment outcomes in young adult patients with T1DM, and compare them with older individuals. Materials and methods. Overall, 140 adults with T1DM on CSII were examined, divided into 2 subgroups: 77 patients younger than 26 years of age (mean 20.6 years) and 63 older subjects (mean 39.0). We compared the glycaemic control in both groups of T1DM subjects and analyzed treatment attitudes to identify potentially modifiable behaviours influencing the efficacy of the treatment. Results. The younger individuals were characterized by significantly worse treatment outcomes, compared to the older ones: the mean HbA1c levels were 7.6 ± 1.3% and 6.9±1.3% (p=0.00001), while the mean glucose levels based on glucometer downloads were 161±33.6 mg/dL and 136±21.8 mg/dL (p=0.00001), respectively. The frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) was lower in younger individuals (5.3±2.1 vs. 7.0±2.8 daily, p=0.0005, respectively); they were also less frequently used advanced pump functions, e.g. the bolus calculator (48% vs. 67% users, p=0.0014, respectively). Conclusions. The efficacy of CSII treatment observed in young T1DM adults was worse than in older patients. The reason for this phenomenon remains unclear, it may be due simply to age-dependend behaviours, to social environment, or both.
Background. It has been established that in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), regardless of the insulin therapy model used, diet and proper eating habits are still important in the treatment of the disease. The dietary intervention in these patients is aimed at maintaining proper body weight, obtaining target fasting and post meal blood glucose levels, optimizing lipid profiles. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess dietary habits in a homogeneous group of adults with T1DM treated with personal insulin pumps. Material and methods. The study included 141 adult patients (57% women) with type 1 diabetes treated with personal insulin pumps. The surveyed population was characterized by an average age of 25.8 ± 6.2 years, an average duration of diabetes 13.9 ± 6.9 years, and treatment with a personal pump for 8.2 ± 4.1 years and mean BMI 23.0 ± 2.8 g/m2. All were dwellers of south-eastern Poland. The validated KomPAN questionnaire was used to assess the frequency of consumption of individual food products. Results. The mean percentage of HbA1c in the study group was 7.3% [56 mmol/mol]. The mean total cholesterol level was 4.4 mmol/l, HDL - 1.7 mmol/l, LDL - 2.3 mmol/l and triglycerides - 0.8 mmol/l. In the multivariate regression model, no correlation was found between dietary quality parameters and metabolic compensation measured with HbA1c or lipidogram and the place of residence (village, small town, big city). However, there were differences in the quality of the diet depending on the sex. Women were characterized by higher index of a healthy diet (pHDI-10) (26.3 vs 21.4, p=0.005) and lower index of unhealthy diet (nHDI-14) (13.3 vs 18.6, p <0.001) than men. Conclusions. The results of this study clearly suggest, that despite good metabolic control, patients require more education on the choice of healthy product groups.
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