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Estimated dietary intakes of nitrates in vegetarians compared to a traditional diet in Poland and acceptable daily intakes: is there a risk?

100%

Mitek M., Anyzewska A., Wawrzyniak A.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2013

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tom 64

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nr 2

Background. Vegetarian diets, by definition, are rich in vegetables and so may have high levels of nitrates, that can elicit both positive or negative effects on the human body. Exposure to nitrates can thus be potentially higher for this population group. Objective. To estimate dietary nitrates intakes in Polish vegetarians and compare these with the Polish average. Material and methods. A sample of 86 vegetarians were surveyed via a questionnaire to determine nitrate intake for those adopting a vegetarian diet. Nitrate intakes for the average Pole were obtained from the Central Statistical Office. Results. The domestic intake of nitrate, per average person, during 2000-2009, ranged from 115.5 to 133.7 mg NaNO3 with a mean of 125 mg NaNO3 of which 35.4% constituted the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). For vegetarians, the corresponding levels ranged from 37.3 to 2054.3 mg NaNO3 with a mean intake of 340.1 mg NaNO3 of which 95.8% represented the ADI. This was almost twice more than values obtained from calculating nitrate intakes of a typical 7-day vegetarian menu; 104.5 to 277.6 mg NaNO3 with a mean 175.9 mg NaNO3 with the 49.1% making up the ADI. Conclusions. The nitrate intakes in the tested vegetarians were 140 to 270% higher than ones for the average Pole, however in both cases the ADI was not exceeded. Nevertheless, the higher intake of nitrates so observed in vegetarians can be hazardous to some from this population group.

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Studies on restricted feeding of carnivorous fur animals

100%

Zon A., Niedzwiadek S., Bielanski P., Zajac J.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Przegląd Hodowlany

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1996

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tom 28

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Potential parapharmaceuticals in the traditional Polish diet

80%

Naruszewicz M., Kozlowska-Wojciechowska M.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2005

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tom 56

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nr 1

69-78

The basic parapharmaceuticals in the Polish diet include natural anti-oxidants - bioflavonoids found in berry fruit. They were proven to have the ability to regulate genetic transcription and increase the synthesis of nitric oxide which counteracts dysfunction of the vascular endothelium. They also display anti-oxidant action through the inhibiting effect on cyclooxygenase - COX-2, and increase the level of adiponectin. We have also more and more proof of the important biological role of short-chained fatty acids formed as a result of fermentation of fibre by probiotic bacteria. Through their effects on peroxisome proliferators activated receptors (PPAR), butyric and propionic acids may reduce the expression of adhesion molecules and exert anti-inflammatory action both in the gastrointestinal tract as well as systemically.

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Poziom spozycia skladnikow podstawowych w grupie kobiet stosujacych tradycyjny i optymalny model zywienia

80%

Boleslawska I., Przyslawski J., Grzymislawski M.

Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna

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2009

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tom 42

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nr 3

615-619

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna

1 Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

1 Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

1 Zeszyty Naukowe. Przegląd Hodowlany

1 Anyzewska A.

1 Bielanski P.

1 Boleslawska I.

1 Grzymislawski M.

1 Kozlowska-Wojciechowska M.

1 Mitek M.

1 Naruszewicz M.

1 Niedzwiadek S.

1 Przyslawski J.

1 Wawrzyniak A.

1 Zajac J.

1 Zon A.

1 2013

1 2009

1 2005

1 1996

Estimated dietary intakes of nitrates in vegetarians compared to a traditional diet in Poland and acceptable daily intakes: is there a risk?

Studies on restricted feeding of carnivorous fur animals

Potential parapharmaceuticals in the traditional Polish diet

Poziom spozycia skladnikow podstawowych w grupie kobiet stosujacych tradycyjny i optymalny model zywienia