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The subject of this study was to determine urine specific gravity (USg) and urinary creatinine (UCrn) in dogs with different diseases but with normal renal function. Sick dogs with different diseases were divided into nine groups. Dogs suffering from polyuria/polydipsia, vomits, diarrhoea and females in oestrus or pregnant were excluded from the studies. The healthy dogs served as a control group. Over a three-year period, a total of 267 dogs were examined clinically as well as using imaging and laboratory diagnostics methods. In sick dogs, USg and UCrn were found to be essentially decreased (except animals with neurological and uterine diseases, and neurological diseases, respectively), as compared with normal dogs. In clinically healthy animals of the control group, UCrn and USg did not significantly differ between the females and males. As for the control group, no correlation between UCrn/USg and the body weight/age was found, either.
The experiment was carried out on 4 pregnant goats at age 2–3 years. Changes in basic indices of renal function were analysed in the scope of hydro–electrolyte management in the consecutive five months of gestation. Blood and urea samples were collected fortnightly during the first three months of gestation, and weekly during the remaining two months. The analyses included urea volume and glomerular filtration rate, as well as blood plasma concentration, clearance, tubular reabsorption and excretion of sodium, potassium, chlorides and total osmotically active substances.
The effects of artificial UVC radiation on some blood and urine parameters related to hepatic and renal functions in mice radiated with 30-watt UVC lamp (254 nm and 0.00014 J/cm²/s) were examined. Sixty female mice (Swiss Albino) were used as test animals. The animals were fed a mouse diet and water ad libitum and then exposed to artificial UVC for 8 h daily. Blood and urine samples were taken before radiation (control) and at the 7th, 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th and 75th d after radiation exposure. The samples were collected in different pools. Urea, creatinine, cholesterol, ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT levels were determined in serum, and protein electrophoresis was made (SDS-PAGE) in urine samples. Significant increase (P<0.001) in serum urea values were observed on the 15th and 30th d of the exposure. Urea levels returned to the initial values. Increase in creatinine levels after 7th d of exposure and decrease until the 60th d (significant on the 15th and 45th d) were found. Creatinine levels increased again on the 75th d (P<0.001). Serum cholesterol and AST values were significantly increased (P<0.01) during the whole period of the exposure, except the 45th d. Serum ALT levels were not significantly affected during 30th d exposure. They decreased on the 45th d (P<0.01) and then increased on the 75th d (P<0.01). Serum GGT and ALP levels were decreased during the whole period of the exposure (P<0.01), and GGT activity was at immeasurable levels on the 30th, 45th, and 60th d. Proteinuria, determined by microscopic observation of urine sediment, and the increase in serum urea and creatinine, observed on the 7th and 75th d of the exposure, were considered a renal disorder, and according to the electrophoretical pattern of urine proteins (SDS-PAGE) were defined as mostly glomerulo-tubular type and glomerular type. This indicates that artificial UVC radiation significantly affected the renal function (P<0.01), while the hepatic functions were affected significantly (P<0.01) just on the 75th d of the exposure. Concerning the data, which coincide one on the top of the other, there was the opinion that the kidneys and liver showed different sensitivity to artificial UVC radiation.
The effect of the Panax ginseng powder extract on reproduction, growth, renal and liver functions and some blood biochemical indices of Japanese quails were investigated. Panax ginseng powder extract at 2 mg and 4 mg/bird daily increased egg number per hen, average egg weight and hatchability. It slightly improved the efficiency of feed utilization and increased the levels of serum total protein, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate amino transferase (AST). The extract decreased significantly the levels of albumin, total lipids, triacylglycerols, cholesterol and glucose, and had no effect on body weight and the levels of serum bilirubin, urea and creatinine. This suggests that long term studies should be done on many different biochemical and physiological parameters and laboratory animals.
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