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A comparison of oxygen diffusion rates in sand moistened with water or PEG 20000 solution

100%

Hiller S., Dexter A. R.

International Agrophysics

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1997

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tom 11

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nr 3

2

Efficiency of non-ionic surfactant removal in biological sewage treatment plants

100%

Traczyk L., Szymanski A., Wyrwas B., Jaroszynski T., Lukaszewski Z.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2006

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tom 15

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nr 3

The removal of non-ionic surfactants (NS), as well as a long-chained ethoxylates, short-chained NS and poly(ethylene glycols)(PEG), was investigated in two sewage treatment plants (STP) of the activated sludge type and one trickling filter type. The indirect tensammetric method (ITM), and the ITM combined with the Bismuth Active substances (BiAS) separation scheme (BiAS-ITT) were used for the determination of NS and their metabolites. on average, 85% reduction of total Ns was determined in the activated sludge type STP and 53% reduction in the case of the trickling filter type STP. significant concentrations of NS metabolites (short-chained NS and PEG) were determined in raw sewage, which indicate that NS biodegradation had already started in the sewer system. Both tensammetric methods prove to be a useful tool in monitoring Ns and their metabolites in STP.

3

Improved performance of muskmelon [Cucumis melo] seeds with osmoconditioning

100%

Singh G., Gill S. S., Sandhu K. K.

Acta Agrobotanica

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1999

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tom 52

|

nr 1-2

Seeds of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) cultivars viz. Pb. Hybrid and Pb. Sunehri were osmoconditioned with Polyethylene glycol j(PEG) and KNO, solutions to enhance their performance at low temperature. Osmoconditioning both with PEG 6000 and KNO3 increased per cent germination, speed of germination, vigour in terms of dry weight and length of the seedlings and root/shoot ratios. KNO3 priming recorded more pronounced effect in all the above mentioned parameters. Other vigour parameters such as electrical conductance of seed leachates was decreased with osmoconditioning while dehydrogenase activity was enhanced. Osmoconditioning resulted in increased activity of amylases.

4

Motor behaviour of Amoeba proteus during glutaraldehyde fixation

86%

Grebecka L., Grebecki A., Hrebenda B.

Acta Protozoologica

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1987

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tom 26

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nr 1

5

Properties of particleboards resinated with PMDI modified with polyethylene glycols

86%

Dziurka D., Jablonski M., Mirski M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

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2007

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tom 06

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nr 4

The study investigated properties of particleboards resinated with PMDI modified with polyethylene glycols with varying molar masses (PEG 200 and 400). The conducted investigations showed that PMDI resin modification with both PEG 200 and PEG 400 causes an increase in mechanical properties of manufactured boards. In turn, modulus of elasticity decreases with an increase in plasticity of the modified resin. Then, water resistance of the tested boards, measured by their tear resistance after the boiling test, irrespective of the type and the amounts of applied modifiers, is very high and considerably exceeds the requirements specified in the respective standard. Particleboards exhibiting better mechanical properties and considerably improved water resistance may be obtained by the modification of PMDI resin with polyethylene glycol of a higher molar mass.

6

Elimination of polyethylene glycol from aqueous solution using activated carbon

86%

Gajdos L., Pietrelli L., Ciccarello A., Derco J.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2007

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tom 16

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nr 3

385-388

The present study looks at the adsorption of polyethylene glycol onto activated carbon with the different molecular weight. The amount of PEG adsorbed on activated carbon depends on temperatures and pH. The adsorption capacities were determined through the adsorption isotherms. The results of the adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies show that the adsorption process can be well described with the Langmuir model. After linearization of the Arrhenius equation the activated energy had been estimated.

7

Physiological adaptations to osmotic stress and characterization of a polyethylene glycol-responsive gene in Braya humilis

86%

Lirong W., Pengshan Z., Xin Z., Xiaopeng W., Xiaofei M., Yi L.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2016

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tom 85

|

nr 1

Braya humilis (Brassicaceae) is a widely distributed plant in arid and semi-arid regions of northern Asia. This plant is well adapted to extremely arid conditions and is a promising candidate species to discover novel drought tolerance strategies. However, not much information about the mechanism(s) mediating drought resistance in this species is currently available. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize the physiological traits and expression patterns of a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-responsive gene in B. humilis responding to different levels of osmotic stress induced by PEG-6000. Several important physiological parameters were examined, including the levels of relative water content, soluble protein, malondialdehyde, and antioxidant enzyme activity. A tolerance threshold between 20 and 30% PEG-6000 was identified for B. humilis. The water status and oxidative damage below this threshold were maintained at a relatively constant level during the 12 h of treatment. However, once the threshold was exceeded, the water status and oxidative damage were obviously affected after treatment for 4 h. The soluble protein results suggest that B. humilis maintains a vigorous resistance to osmotic stress and that it may play a greater role in osmotic regulation at late stages of stress. Moreover, superoxide dismutase and catalase may be important at preventing oxidative damage in plants at early stages of stress, while peroxidase may be more involved in some biological processes that resist osmotic stress at the late stage, especially in severely damaged plants. Furthermore, a PEG-responsive gene, BhCIPK12, was identified by differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned, and characterized by quantitative real-time PCR. We hypothesized that this gene may play an important role in mediating osmotic stress or drought resistance in plants. Altogether, these results provide valuable insights into the mechanism(s) mediating drought tolerance in B. humilis.

8

Evaluation of cell membrane injury in caraway [Carum carvi L.] genotypes in water deficit conditions

86%

Seidler-Lozykowska K., Bandurska H., Bocianowski J.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2010

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tom 79

|

nr 2

95-99

The aim of the study was to evaluate the resistance of caraway genotypes to water deficit based on the estimation of cell membrane stability (CMS) in leaves using polyethylene glycol (PEG) test. In 2007 and 2008, 25 selected caraway genotypes, originating from European botanical gardens (18), cultivars (2) and our own breeding strains (5), were tested. The plant material was collected from the experimental field. The obtained results showed highly significant differences in cell membrane injuries (p = 0.001) among investigated genotypes. The rank of genotypes in membrane injury index in 2007 was similar to that of 2008. Caraway genotypes originating from Warsaw (49.4%), Cracow (45.3%), Reykiavik (39.9%), Berlin (23.8%), Wisley (22.7%) and strains 9/2 (23.7%), 60/8 (22.2%) exhibited a high level of injury, which showed weak CMS and their high sensitivity to drought. The lowest extent of membrane injury was observed in genotypes originating from Bayreuth (4.2%), Ulm (4.4%), Cluj (5.5%), Lousanne (6.8%) and cultivar "Kończewicki" VI/4 (6.2%), which proves low sensitivity of these genotypes to water deficit and cell membrane stability. These genotypes may be used in further breeding program to improve caraway resistance to drought.

9

Influence of fungicide treatment and osmoconditioning with polyethylene glycol on germination of graded carrot seeds

86%

Biniek A.

Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin

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2001

|

tom 55

10

Repeated injections of peg-pe liposomes generate anti-peg antibodies

86%

Sroda K., Rydlewski J., Langner M., Kozubek A., Grzybek M., Sikorski A. F.

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

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2005

|

tom 10

|

nr 1

11

The effects of vitamin C-polyethylene glycol complex on growth performance and immunity in broiler chickens

86%

Hahn T. W., Lohakare J. D., Shim Y. H., Han K. N., Won H. K., Park Y. H., Chae B. J.

Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences

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2005

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tom 14

|

nr 1

12

Effect of PEG 4000 on maturation, germination and conversion frequency of Picea abies and P. omorika somatic embryos

72%

Wawrzyniak M., Hazubska-Przybyl T., Obarska A., Bojarczuk K.

BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology

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2015

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tom 96

|

nr 1

13

The effect of carbohydrates and polyethylene glycol on somatic embryo maturation in hybrid fir Abies alba x Abies numidica

72%

Salaj T., Matusova R., Salaj J.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2004

|

tom 46

159-167

Embryogenic cell line AN 72 derived from immature hybrid fir Abies alba x A. numidica zygotic embryos was subjected to different maturation treatments. The effect of the carbohydrates sucrose, maltose and glucose (each at 3%, 6% and 9%) or PEG-4000 (5.0%, 7.5% and 10%) combined with different carbohydrate sources was tested. PEG-4000 stimulated somatic embryo maturation of hybrid fir. This stimulatory effect was dependent on the carbohydrate source used. Culture medium with maltose as carbohydrate source combined with PEG-4000 produced the highest number of cotyledonary somatic embryos. Carbohydrates supplied alone (mainly at 6% and 9%) exerted an unfavorable effect, increasing the frequency of abnormally shaped somatic embryos without regeneration capacity. The structural organization of morphologically well-developed cotyledonary somatic embryos was similar to that of zygotic embryos. In abnormal somatic embryos the shoot apical meristem and root meristem were very damaged. Electrophoretic separation of denatured proteins using SDS-PAGE showed differences in the accumulation of low molecular weight storage proteins in somatic embryos. Storage protein accumulation was dependent on the concentration of PEG-4000 and the carbohydrate source.

14

Vasopressin release in response to hypovolaemia in the conscious rat and the effect of opioid and aminergic receptor antagonists

72%

Peysner K., Forsling M. L.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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1991

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tom 42

|

nr 3

Conscious rats were given i. p. polyethylene glycol (PEG) or dextran injections to compare their efficacy in inducing moderate hypovolaemia. Dextran was found unsuitable, producing large variability in the the plasma vasopressin (A VP) concentrations. Putative neurotransmitters involved in the A VP response to hypovolaemia and in basal release were examined using opioid, and ß-adrenoceptor and dopamine receptor-blocking agents. A dose of PEG was chosen to produce a decrease in blood volume of approx 14.5% giving plasma AVP concentrations of 19.0±4.6 pmol/1. Naloxone and phenoxy- benzamine failed to influence AVP release under both hypovolaemic and basal conditions. Prazosin also failed to influence the AVP response. In contrast propranolol elevated the plasma AVP concentrations in both conditions. Haloperidol enhanced basal AVP release but did not influence release during hypovolaemia. Guanethidine pretreatment partially blocked the response to hypovolaemia, but did not affect basal plasma AVP. Thus it appears that aminergic pathways have an inhibitory influence on AVP release under hypovolaemic and basal conditions. However, endogenous opioids do not appear to contribute significantly to the hypovolaemic response.

15

Evaluating anatomical characteristics associated with leaf rolling in northeastern Thai rice cultivars during drought by decision tree

72%

Gunnula W., Kanawapee N., Somta P., Phansak P.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2022

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tom 75

|

nr 1

16

Use of the post-insertion method for the formation of ligand-coupled liposomes

72%

Allen T. M., Sapra P., Moase E.

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

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2002

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tom 07

|

nr 3

A new technique is described for the formation of ligand-targeted liposomes that can be used with whole antibodies, antibody fragments, peptides or other ligands. The ligands are coupled to polyethylene glycol micelles and then transferred in a simple incubation step from the micelles into the outer monolayer of pre-formed, drug-loaded liposomes, This versatile method allows a combinatorial approach to the design of targeted liposomes that minimises manufacturing complexities, allowing a variety of ligands to be inserted into a variety of pre-formed liposomes containing a variety of drugs. This allows the ligand-targeted therapeutics to be tailored to the needs of individual patients.

17

The efficacy of vitamin E-polyethylene glycol complex on growth performance, chicken meat quality and immunity in broilers

72%

Chae B. J., Lohakare J. D., Choi J. Y., Han K. N., Yong J. S., Won H. K., Park Y. H., Hahn T. W.

Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences

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2005

|

tom 14

|

nr 1

18

The effect of polyethylene glycol on some properties of the erythrocyte membrane

72%

Danieluk M., Hagerstrand H., Jezierski A., Jezierska J., Sikorski A. F.

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

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1998

|

tom 03

|

nr 2

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) induces fusion of cells creating fused cell pairs and larger cell aggregates. However the precise mechanism of its action on cell membranes remains unclear. In the present study we attempted to determine how PEG interacts with the membrane of red blood cell. It is known that PEG, at concentrations that induce cell fusion, causes strong swelling of erythrocytes which appeared to be insensitive to elevated ionic strength of the solution. This swelling, as well as fusion rate, is independent of the initial shape of erythrocytes induced by various amphiphiles. PEG at the concentrations usually used as a fusogen induced haemolysis (up to 50%). Again, this effect was not inhibited by elevated ionic strength of the buffer. Further experiments revealed that PEG changes membrane properties such as surface pressure of lipid monolayers prepared from total erythrocyte lipids and mobility of acyl hydrocarbon chains of membrane lipids as measured using 5-doxyl stearate as a spin probe.

19

In vivo gene transfer using cetylated polyethylenimine

72%

Sochanik A., Cichon T., Makselon M., Strozyk M., Smolarczyk R., Jazowiecka-Rakus J., Szala S.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2004

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tom 51

|

nr 3

This report describes gene transfer in vitro as well as in vivo using cetylated low-molecular mass (600 Da) polyethylenimine (28% of amine groups substituted with cetyl moieties), termed CT-PEI. This compound is hydrophobic and has to be incorporated into liposomes in order to be suitable for gene transfer studies. Serum-induced plasmid DNA degradation assay demonstrated that CT-PEI-containing liposomal carriers could protect complexed DNA (probably via condensation). In vitro lu- ciferase gene expression achieved using medium supplemented with 10% serum was comparable to that achieved in serum-reduced medium and was highest for CT-PEI/cholesterol liposomes, followed by CT-PEI/dioleoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes and PEI 600 Da (uncetylated) carrier. In vivo systemic transfer into mice was most efficient when liposome formulations contained CT-PEI and cholesterol. Higher luciferase expression was then observed in lungs than in liver. In conclusion: liposomes containing cetylated polyethylenimine and cholesterol are a suitable vehicle for investigating systemic plasmid DNA transfer into lungs.

20

Effect of osmotic stress on in vitro translational capacity of polysomes and on the composition of polysome-associated proteins in germinating seeds of pea (Pisum sativum L.)

58%

Brosowska-Arendt W., Weidner S.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2012

|

tom 81

|

nr 3

Plant growth throughout the world is often limited by unfavourable environmental conditions. This paper reports results of a study on long- and short-term osmotic stress (−0.5 MPa) followed by a recovery on in vitro translational capacity of polysomes and on the composition of polysome-associated proteins in germinating pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds. Here we show that, under osmotic stress, cytoskeleton-bound polysomes were charaterized by the highest translation activity, which may be indicative of an important role that this population of polysomes plays in the synthesis of the so-called “stress proteins”. We also find out that in response to osmotic stress, new proteins (22.01, 96.47 and 105.3 kDa), absent in the unstressed sample, associated with the total pool of polysomes, whereas the protein of 22.95 kDa, which was present in the embryonic tissue of seeds germinating under unstressed conditions, disappeared. These changes may have affected both the stability and the translational capacity of polysomes.

Ograniczanie wyników

A comparison of oxygen diffusion rates in sand moistened with water or PEG 20000 solution

Efficiency of non-ionic surfactant removal in biological sewage treatment plants

Improved performance of muskmelon [Cucumis melo] seeds with osmoconditioning

Motor behaviour of Amoeba proteus during glutaraldehyde fixation

Properties of particleboards resinated with PMDI modified with polyethylene glycols

Elimination of polyethylene glycol from aqueous solution using activated carbon

Physiological adaptations to osmotic stress and characterization of a polyethylene glycol-responsive gene in Braya humilis

Evaluation of cell membrane injury in caraway [Carum carvi L.] genotypes in water deficit conditions

Influence of fungicide treatment and osmoconditioning with polyethylene glycol on germination of graded carrot seeds

Repeated injections of peg-pe liposomes generate anti-peg antibodies

The effects of vitamin C-polyethylene glycol complex on growth performance and immunity in broiler chickens

Effect of PEG 4000 on maturation, germination and conversion frequency of Picea abies and P. omorika somatic embryos

The effect of carbohydrates and polyethylene glycol on somatic embryo maturation in hybrid fir Abies alba x Abies numidica

Vasopressin release in response to hypovolaemia in the conscious rat and the effect of opioid and aminergic receptor antagonists

Evaluating anatomical characteristics associated with leaf rolling in northeastern Thai rice cultivars during drought by decision tree

Use of the post-insertion method for the formation of ligand-coupled liposomes

The efficacy of vitamin E-polyethylene glycol complex on growth performance, chicken meat quality and immunity in broilers

The effect of polyethylene glycol on some properties of the erythrocyte membrane

In vivo gene transfer using cetylated polyethylenimine

Effect of osmotic stress on in vitro translational capacity of polysomes and on the composition of polysome-associated proteins in germinating seeds of pea (Pisum sativum L.)