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At present, the main legal act concerning placing plant protection products on the market and ensuring the safety of plant protection products use is the Directive 91/414. It will soon be replaced. The following legal acts aiming to increase safety of the use of plant protection products have already been adopted or will be adopted in future in the European Union: - The Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Pesticides; - Directive of the European Parliament and the Council establishing a framework for Community action to achieve a sustainable use of pesticides; - The Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market and repealing Council Directives 79/117/EEC and 91/414/EEC; - Directive of the European Parliament and the Council laying down essential environmental protection requirements for the placing on the market of new pesticide application equipment and accessories. The provisions of new legal documents are presented in the paper and the possibility of their implementation in Poland is discussed briefly.
Studies on the comparison of microbial and biochemical characteristics of soils were based on a field experiment established in 1994 at the IUNG Experimental Station in Osiny on soil (loamy sand) belonging to complex IV. In this experiment spring barley and winter wheat were grown in three crop production systems: ecological, integrated and conventional. Soil under wheat were analysed in 1996, 1997 and 1998, and under barley in 1997 and 1998. Microbial biomass, numbers of bacteria and fungi, soil respiration and enzymes (dehydrogenase, phosphatases) activity were generally higher in the soil under the tested cereals grown in the ecological system than in the soil under these crops grown in the conventional or integrated system. These differences were detected during all three growing seasons, indicating long-lasting changes in the biological characteristics of the studied soil.
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