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The aim of the study was to analyse the influence of cold and frozen storage on the chemical content, hydration properties and texture parameters of horse meat. The material were samples of the longest dorsal muscle (m. longissimus dorsi) obtained from thirty six horse half-carcasses from individual farmers in south-eastern Poland. The horses were about 10-years-old and weighed 500-560 kg before slaughter. One set of samples was subjected to laboratory analyses 24 hours after slaughter. The remaining two sets were subjected to the process of air flow freezing. After freezing, the samples of horse meat were stored for 1 and 3 month periods at a temperature of –22°C. The influence of cold and frozen storage on the content of primary chemical composition was not statistically significant in the analysed raw material. Freezing and frozen storage of horse meat contributed significantly to an increase in acidity, darkening of colour and deterioration in hydration properties of the analysed raw material. The study showed a significant decrease in the values of texture parameters of horse meat (chewiness, resilience, hardness and springiness) which was stored in frozen conditions in comparison with the raw material stored in cold conditions.
Correlations were estimated between the single measurement of electrical conductivity (EC) done 24 h post-slaughter and meat pH45 and pH24, water, protein and intramuscular fat content, thermal drip and free-water content and meat texture (tenderness and juiciness). Used were 43 carcasses of castrates. Once the animals reached the mean final body weight of about 105 kg, they were slaughtered at one slaughter house in accordance with technological standards adopted In meat processing plants. With the increase in EC measured 24 hours post-slaughter, both the initial (pH45) and final (pH24) meat acidities decreased. Moreover, together with the EC24 increase, the water level of meat decreased and was accompanied by an increase in the protein content. Increased EC resulted in increased thermal and free water drips which, in turn, reduced meat juiciness.Phenotypic correlation coefficients were estimated between EC measured 24 h post-slaughter and pH45 (-0.756**), water content (-0.359*), protein content (0.476**), thermal drip (0.331*), free-water content (0.373*) and juiciness (-0.342*). It is concluded that in the synthetic line 990 fatteners the EC of meat measured 24 h post-slaughter can be employed in practice for rapid diagnosis of pork quality on the slaughter line.
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