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In 1998 and 1999 flurprimidol spray applications to seed-propagated geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum L.H.Bailey) cultivars were made to evaluate efficacy and identify optimum concentration of flurprimidol. Growth retardant was applied as a single spray at 0, 7.5, 15 and 22.5 mg L-1, when plants were 9-13 cm in height. The response of plants to furprimidol application varied depending on geranium cultivar. At the time of flowering the plants sprayed with flurprimidol at concentrations of 7.5, 15 and 22.5 mg L 1 were significantly shorter than the untreated ones. The plant diameter, floret diameter, floret peduncle length and inflorescence diameter of geranium treated with flurprimidol were significantly smaller than those of the control plants. Flurprimidol hastened flowering of geranium cultivars 'Suzan Improved', 'Pinto Salmon' and 'Ringo 2000 Violeť by 5-8 days in 1999 but had no significant effect on days to flowering in 1998. The chemical name used: a-(l -methylethyl)-a-[4-(tritluoromethyloxy)-phenyl]-5-pyrimidine-methanol (flurprimidol).
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of exogenous sucrose and cytokinin on ethylene production and responsiveness in relation to the shoot formation of Pelargonium × hortorum 'Bergpalais' in vitro. Increasing the concentration of sucrose from 15 to 40 g L-1 in medium containing meta-topolin (mT) resulted in a two-fold decrease in the number of shoots and leaves as well as a reduction in ethylene production. The addition of ethylene synthesis inhibitor (AVG) to mT-medium significantly reduced the ethylene production and the shoot growth, but it had no significant influence on the shoot formation. The mT-induced shoot formation was, however, significantly reduced in the presence of ethylene action inhibitor (AgNO3), in a manner dependent on sucrose levels. At the end of the subculture period, increased sucrose concentrations (15–40 g L-1) in the presence of mT and AgNO3 resulted in a 3.7-fold increase in ethylene emission. At the same time, the supply of sucrose caused a 2.8-fold increase in the level of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA). Our results may suggest that the inhibitory effect of high sucrose concentration (30 and 40 g L-1) may depend on its influence on ethylene sensitivity. It also suggests that sucrose-regulation of the shoot formation of Pelargonium in vitro is mediated by ABA.
Essential oils from four plants, i.e. geranium, rosa, lemon and mint were tested for their activity in vitro and in vivo against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, the cause of root rot and wilt of beans. In vitro, they were found to have an inhibitory effect against the mycelial growth of R. solani and F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. Complete inhibition in fungal growth was observed at a concentration of 4% of each essential oil and Topsin M at 400 ppm as well. In greenhouse the four essential oils were tested as seed coating and/or foliar spray. Results of seed coating at a concentration of 1% clearly demonstrate a good protection of emerged bean seeds against invasion of R. solani and F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli compared with the fungicide treatment. A similar trend was observed in a lower extent when the essential oils were applied as bean seeds coating followed by seedlings foliar spray under field conditions. Obvious yield increase as bean green pods, in all treatments, was significantly higher than in the control.
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of concentration of nutrient solution on root colonization with AMF, growth and flowering of ivy geranium (Pelargonium hederaefolium ‘Ville de Paris’) and garden geranium (Pelargonium hortomm ‘Aquarello’) cultivated on ebb-and-flow benches. Four concentrations of nutrient solution were applied: EC 1.0. 1.5, 2.0 i 3.0 mS‧cm⁻¹. The concentration of nutrient solution did not affect colonization of root system with AMF. The effect of concentration of nutrient solution and mycorrhization on fresh matter, shoot length and shoot number of ivy geranium was negligible. The earliest flowering was noted in plants fertilized at 3.0 mS‧cm⁻¹. These plants had also the greatest number of inflorescences. Garden geranium grown at mS‧cm⁻¹ obtained the highest fresh matter and the longest shoots. Mycorrhizal plants had lower fresh matter and shorter shoots than the non-mycorrhizal ones. Neither the concentration of nutrient solution nor mycorrhization did affect the flowering of garden geranium.
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