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Background. The appropriate nutrition is an important component of the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Objectives. The aim of the study was to investigate if the patients with cardiovascular disease were informed of the role of appropriate nutrition in prevention or received nutrition guidelines and to assess the dietary intake compared to recommendations for patients with cardiovascular disease who received or not nutrition guidelines. Material and Methods. The study was conducted among patients with cardiovascular disease (n = 127) of cardiological hospital clinic, aged 62 ± 11. The questionnaire was used to obtain personal and anthropometric details, information if patients had received nutrition guidelines. The method of 3-day food records was used for dietary assessment. Results. 20% of subjects had not received nutrition guidelines and almost 40% of subjects did not recognize the nutrition effect on cardiovascular disease development. Compared to the diets of the subjects who had not received nutrition guidelines, the diets of those who had received them were of significantly lower intake of: energy from saturated fatty acids (15%, p = 0.006), cholesterol (21%, p = 0.012) and higher intake (14-26%) of potassium (p = 0,003), sodium (p = 0.013), phosphorus (p = 0.044), magnesium (p = 0.003), iron (p = 0.005), copper (p = 0.001), zinc (p = 0.046). Among the patients who had received nutrition guidelines, percentage of the subjects whose intake of nutrients was consistent with recommendations was higher. Conclusions. Not all subjects had received nutrition guidelines. Diets of those who had received them were more balanced, but in neither group nutrition guidelines were complied with.
There are numerous genetic factors like MC4R (Melanocortin-4 receptor), POMC (Proopiomelanocortin), SIM1 (Single Minded Gene) etc. important in obesity, which can be used as biomarker. But more reliable diagnostic markers are the need for today, along with new therapeutic strategies that target specific molecules in the disease pathways. As in mouse and human genes, where mutations in one or both species are associated with some phenotypic characteristics as observed in human disease. In molecular mechanisms of development, differentiation, and disease gene expression data provide crucial insights. Up-regulation and down-regulation of selective genes can have major effects on diet-induced obesity, but there is little or no effect when animals are fed a low-fat diet. In present study we have studied the gene expression data of mouse at different theiler stages using GXD BioMart. The interacting partners and pathway of the genes that are already used as biomarker in mouse as well as in humans have been studied. A gene NPY1R (Neuropeptide Y1 receptor) was taken as common after STRING and KEGG results on the basis of biochemical pathways and interactions similar to MC4R. Our present work focuses on comparative genomics and proteomics analysis of NPY1R, which has led to identification of biomarker by comparing it with already known MC4R human and mouse biomarker. It has been concluded that both the proteins are structurally and functionally similar.
Wścieklizna jest wciąż jedną z najbardziej niebezpiecznych chorób zakaźnych. Mając na uwadze możliwość przenoszenia jej ze zwierząt na ludzi, zanalizowano jej występowanie w krajach europejskich, szczególnie w Polsce i u jej sąsiadów. Analizę statystycznych danych odnośnie wymienionej choroby przeprowadzono na podstawie materiałów FAO, WHO i OIE. Rezultaty badań pokazały, że ostatnio w Europie najwięcej przypadków wścieklizny notowano w Niemczech, Austrii, Czechosłowacji i w Polsce. Okazało się, że w tych krajach najczęściej zarażonym dzikim zwierzęciem przez wirus wścieklizny jest lis, który stanowi źródło zarażenia dla zwierząt domowych i człowieka. Można też wnioskować, że doustne szczepienie lisów jest efektywnym, bezpiecznym, niedrogim i praktycznym sposobem opanowania wścieklizny u gatunków zwierząt narażonych na tę chorobę.
Introduction. Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is grown primarily for its edible tubers, which were first cultivated by native Americans before the arrival of the Europeans. Unlike most tubers, but in common with other members of the Asteraceae, the tubers store fructans instead of starch. Fructans are non-digestible carbohydrates considered functional food ingredients because they affect body processes in ways that result in better health and in many diseases prevention. However, the Jerusalem artichoke deserves attention not only because of the content of fructans, recent studies also indicate a high protein content, including essential amino acids. Material and methods. The aim of the work was to establish the content of protein and amino acids in Jerusalem artichoke tubers {Helianthus tuberosus L.) of red variety - Rote Zonenkugel. The content of protein was estimated by Dumas method. The amino acids composition was analysed with ion-change chromatography with postcolumn derivatisation and detection of ninhydryn reaction with automatic amino acids analyser. Results. The assessed liophylisate was characterised by high protein content (6.36%) in comparison to chicory (which is the main industrial source of fructans) and to commonly consumed potatoes. There was shown a few times higher content of essential amino acids (also of methionine) in comparison to chicory and potato. The examined essential amino acids were present in very advantagenous proportions. Conclusions. In Jerusalem artichoke tubers of Rote Zonenkugel variety of the high content of protein was established in comparison to other plant sources. The high content was found of amino acids with special stress on essential amino acids (esp. sulphur ones).
Based on WHO recomendations for prevention of cardiovascular diseases developed European countries pay attention for nutrition improvement of population at governmental level. In 1999 The Government of Slovak Republic resolved The Programmme for Nutrution Improvement of the Slovak population. Whitin this Programme in department of Ministry of Defence there was created health advisory centre for healthy nutrition and healthy lifestyle in Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology which monitor nutrition state, perform educational and advisory activity for professional soldiers and civilians. There are presented results of selected biochemically indicators from clients during 6 years of working of healt advisory centre. ( Total cholesterol, triglycerids, glucose, HDL- cholesterol, BMI- Body Mass Index and WHR - Waist Hip Ratio).
Opisano sytuację w szwedzkiej służbie zdrowia oraz obowiązki służb medycznych. Omówiono kształtowanie się trendów umieralności oraz długości życia w Szwecji a także częstość występowania wielu schorzeń w różnych grupach zawodowych. Zwrócono uwagę, że zapadalność zależy od statusu ekonomicznego, pochodzenia społecznego i rodzaju wykonywanej pracy. Wymieniono populacyjne grupy ryzyka, które zostały uwzględnione w projekcie polityki zdrowotnej. Omówiono programy prewencji poszczególnych grup schorzeń oraz zalecenia dotyczące sposobu żywienia i stylu życia.
W części I pracy sprawdzono terenową przydatność własnego programu zwalczania choroby Aujeszkyego /chA/. W zależności od sytuacji epizootycznej fermy podzielono na: wolne od wirusa chA (kat. A); kwalifikujące się do uzdrowienia (kat. B) oraz będące ogniskami chA (kat. C) . Wykazano skuteczność epizootyczną rygorystycznego stosowania przyjętych założeń w fermach kat. A i B. Uzdrowienie ferm kat. С wymaga długofalowego działania opartego na zwalczaniu choroby z urzędu. W części II potwierdzono, stosując nowe parametry techniczno-jakościowe, wysoką immunogenność i nieszkodliwość krajowej szczepionki Suivac A oraz amerykańskiego delecyjnego preparatu TOLVID. W odniesieniu do zestawu diagnostycznego typu ELISA pn. TOLVID TM Diagnostic wykazano jego przydatność do śledzenia dróg szerzenia się zakażeń w stadzie szczepionym.
 Recently, glyco-therapy is proposed to prevent the interaction of bacterial lectins with host ligands (glycoconjugates). This interaction represents the first step in infection. Neoglycans referred to as PSA-Lac (PSA-Glu (β1-4) Gal) were obtained by conjugation of porcine serum albumin (PSA) with lactose at 80 °C, 100 °C and 120 ºC. Characterization studies of the products showed that PSA could contain 1, 38 or 41 added lactoses, depending on the reaction temperature. These neoglycans were approximately 10 times more glycated than PSA-Lac obtained in previous work. Lactose conjugation occurred only at lysines and PSA-Lac contained terminal galactoses as confirmed by Ricinus communis lectin recognition. Furthermore, Escherichia coli K88+, K88ab, K88ac and K88ad adhesins showed affinity toward all PSA-Lac neoglycans, and the most effective was the PSA-Lac obtained after 100 ºC treatment. In vitro, this neoglycan partially inhibited the adhesion of E. coli K88+ to piglet mucin (its natural ligand). These results provide support for the hypothesis that glycated proteins can be used as an alternative for bioactive compounds for disease prevention.
According to the available literature, budgerigars are the most susceptible to being infected with avian polyomavirus (APV), whereas this infection is very rare in Amazon parrots. Although the same virus is responsible for the disease, clinical symptoms in the Amazon parrot are considerably different than those observed in budgerigars. APV is transmitted primarily bird-to-bird but it is also thought to be transmitted via the egg. Many affected young amazon die, while most infected adult birds develop lethargy, poor appetite and diarrhoea, with the surviving birds developing antibodies to the virus. However, despite the common misconception, that adult birds are more resistant, the adult amazon are readily susceptible to infection, can become ill and some may die. The main clinical symptoms of APV infection in the amazon parrot include hepatomegaly, ascites and hydropericardium. Necropsy often show spleno- and hepatomegaly with irregular red and yellow mottling of the liver, while histopathological examination present pathognomomic lesions as multifocal necrosis in the liver and kidney, enlarged nuclei and enlarged amphophilic intranuclear inclusions in the liver, kidney and spleen. Procedure against APV infection in an outbreak requires vaccinating the adults and neonates to stimulate flock immunity, as well as cleaning and disinfecting the contaminated facility.
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The effect of paper substrate type used at the beginning of rearing on foot pad dermatitis (FPD) occurrence and production results of broiler chickens.The objective of the study was to estimate influence of different paper type as additional substrate in broiler chickens rearing on foot pad quality. Animals used in experiments were 320 Ross 308 chickens divided into groups according to substrate type: control group – chickens reared on litter with paper produced from paper pulp and experimental group – chickens reared on litter with paper produced from paper pulp with cellulose addition. Production results were controlled during rearing period (in 21st, 35th, 42nd days). Foot pad quality was visually defined 5 days before slaughter. Effect of substrate type used during first days of life on occurrence of foot pad skin injuries and production results in chicken broilers was observed. Chickens from experimental group achieved higher production results (higher body weight, better herd health) and foot pad dermatitisappeared less frequently.
Preface: Aging is a stage of life that increases the risk of physical diseases, some of which are chronic and can affect different dimensions of life’s quality. In addition, These days, exercising is effective in preventing chronic diseases such as osteoarthritis. The goal of the present research is to study the effect of a period of exercise in water program on the scale of knee pain, the rate of symptoms and the movement problems in daily activities, sports activities and pastime activities and the quality of old adults life. Materials and methods: Fifteen old men afflicted with osteoarthritis were chosen purposely as the testees by age mean and Std 58±6.5, length 167.12±7.35 cms, weight 75.64±7.64. We used global questionnaire of the consequences of knee injuries and osteoarthritis to collect data.The testees practiced the exercise in water program in ten weeks. we analyzed the achieved data by a correlated t-test at a meaningful level. (p<0.05). Results: Among the post-test and pre-test the symptoms scale p=0.043, knee pain p=0.024, movement operation in daily and pastime activities p=0.018 were recovered meaningfully after the program. Conclusion: The results showed that participating in an exercise in water program on a regular basis can be considered as an effective and reliable method to decrease pain, promote the operation of knee and the old men life's quality.
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