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Seaweeds are one of the important marine bioresources which are nowadays termed as eco-friendly stimulators of crop growth, stress tolerance, and yielding. In this review, we give an update of the current state of our understanding of the seaweed extracts (SWE) effects on the physiological alterations they induce in Solanaceae vegetables. SWE may provide a powerful and environmentally friendly approach to nutrient management. A pool of common bioactive molecules of SWE provides enhancement of the antioxidant machinery of treated plants providing balanced development, earlier flowering, and enhanced fruiting. The basic mechanisms of SWE action seem to be unspecific for tomato, pepper, and eggplant. They include accelerating growth, nutrient uptake, and photosynthesis performance, which can induce plant tolerance to adverse environmental conditions, improve flowering, fruit setting, and yield, and enhance nutritional quality of the crops. The mechanism of SWE action is complex because of multielement composition and cross-action between constituents.
A laboratory experiment was conducted in 2015 to evaluate the germination energy and capacity of seeds of four ornamental plant species, treated with various biologically active substances. Three replications of the experiment were performed in three independent series. The experimental materials comprised seeds of four ornamental plant species: China aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees), scarlet sage (Salvia splendens Sellow ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes), common zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq.) and French marigold (Tagetes patula L.), which constituted the first experimental factor. The second experimental factor were biostimulants used for seed pre-conditioning: Effective Microorganisms, Trichoderma spp. and Goёmar Goteo. Seeds soaked in distilled water were the control. French marigold seeds were characterised by the highest average germination energy and capacity in three experimental series (mean values) and in each of the series. Scarlet sage seeds had the lowest germination energy, and common zinnia seeds had the lowest germination capacity in experimental series 1 and 3 and in three series (mean values). The biostimulants used for pre-conditioning exerted varied effects on the germination energy and capacity of seeds of the analysed ornamental plant species. The plant species compared in the study responded differently to the tested biostimulants. The germination energy and capacity of seeds of Callistephus chinensis (L.) Ness and Tagates patula L. decreased in response to the applied biostimulants.
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