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The objective of the study was to analyze the wing musculature of the African ostrich. The investigation was conducted on four three-day old chicks of the ostrich. The muscles were characterized by poor development due to a very young age, and no flight abilities. The basic muscle units were described, the measurements of their length and width were taken and their mutual relation was calculated. All values were collected in a table. The photographic documentation was also prepared.
A novel diagnostic method was adapted from studies in horses and humans to postmortal research on ostrich bones. The research made it possible to determine referential values in the method of digital analysis of a radiological image for the tibio-tarsal bone of the ostrich, following exposure to injuries. In the case of a computer-generated analysis of a radiological image, the optimal conditions for taking images were selected, along with their digital record and processing: 0.096 mm/pixel, 256 greyness level (8 bits), and scanning in BMP (a bitmap that is an open format of raster graphics, a block of bytes, which describes an image pixel by pixel). The research was conducted on the rectangular-shaped (160 x 320 points) spongy bone taken about 80 mm below the articular surface near the proximal metaphysis. The research allowed defining parameters of the spongious matrix of the tibio-tarsal bone of healthy 14-month-old ostriches. The average number of trabeculae on lines was 10.41 mm² for both sexes, the average volume was 2.21 %, the density of the trabeculation (the percentage of the surface covered with trabeculae) was 47.44 % for both sexes and the average width of the trabeculae was 0.23 mm. On the basis of the conducted calculations, it is possible to draw a conclusion that the average number of radiological trabeculae, the volume of the trabeculae, and their density do not differ significantly for cocks and hens.
The influence of sex on bone mineral density (BMD) and the bone mineral content (BMC) have been analysed in selected bones of the thoracic and pelvic limbs of African ostriches. The examination was conducted with the use of a densitometer, using the technology of affinited beam of X-ray and the programme for animal research. It was shown that the analysed bones of ostrich skeleton differed significantly regarding the BMD and BMC. Significantly higher values of both parameters were recorded in case of the bones of the pelvic limb in comparison with the bones of the thoracic limb. A central part of the shaft of the tibio-tarsal bone and its proximal end (the pelvic limb) were characterised by the highest values for both BMD and BMC, whereas for the ulnar and radial bones (the thoracic limb) the lowest values were obtained. The study also demonstrated that males showed a significantly higher BMD and BMC values than females referring to the pelvic bones, i.e. the tibio-tarsal bone. For further study aiming at monitoring changes in BMD and BMC during the growth and development of ostriches from hatching till the 14th month of life, the use of densitometer intravitally is recommended.
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