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The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of hormonal stimulation of the female ide (Leuciscus idus L.), following the application of two commercial preparations concerning different GnRHa combined with dopamine inhibitors: Ovopel and Ovaprim. Ide spawners were bred under controlled conditions. The examined parameters included the percentage of ovulating females, time of ovulation and the rate of embryo survival to the eyed-egg stage. The growth and survival rates for larvae produced by farm and wild fish were compared. Stimulation with Ovopel resulted in a shorter latency time (36), whereas stimulation with Ovaprim resulted in a higher percentage of live embryos at the eyed-egg stage (79.7 %). Eggs was obtained from 20% of females in the control group, whereas in treated groups it was at level 90–100%. No differences were found between the growth rate of the ide larvae produced by the farm fish and that obtained from wild fish.
A study has been conducted of reproduction of the rosy barb (Puntius conchonius) under controlled conditions. This fish are commonly kept in aquaria and are also a model fish used in research studies. It has been shown that rosy barb spawners should be kept in water at 20oC before reproduction, with 23oC being the optimum temperature for reproduction and eggs incubation. The interval between successive spawnings should range from 20 to 40 days. If it is too long, reaching 60 days, the quality of the gametes, expressed in the number of reproduced fish, is significantly reduced. The effectiveness of reproduction increases when there are more males than females in the spawning shoal, with the sex ratio being not lower than 2:1. Despite the small size of the fish, eggs can be also obtained by a semi-artificial method. The quality of the eggs thus obtained is not lower than that of the eggs produced in spontaneous spawning.
The aim of this study was to define an influence of water temperature on successful reproduction of burbot under the hatchery conditions. Research was conducted during four successive spawning seasons where wild spawners were used. In the first three years of study fish were kept in three different (natural) thermal conditions. In the fourth year it was confirmed that the highest efficacy of synchronization of the spawning could be reached only under controlled thermal regimes. That year one group of spawners was kept at 6℃ before spawning and then a sudden decrease of the temperature to 1℃ was applied. Restrictively controlled thermal regime during reproduction of burbot in captivity caused the most synchronous spawning of females (2 days-period) in contrast to control group (17 days-period) and even hormonally stimulated (4 days-period). Eggs survival in thermally manipulated group was very high (over 85% in the eyed-egg-stage). This research proved that manipulation of water temperature is the most important technique which should be applied in controlled reproduction of burbot and it is suggested that the temperature is the major factor during final maturation of burbot females. Also, confirmed the fact that incubation of burbot eggs in temperature over 5℃ causes its high mortality (100% in the eyed-egg-stage).
Artificial reproduction of asp under controlled conditions was done using two different spawning agents based on GnRH analogues and dopamine antagonists (Ovopel and Ovaprim). Fish in the Ovopel and Ovaprim and combined treatment groups were treated with a dose equivalent to 1.2 pellets (0.2 and 1.0), 0.5 cm³ liquid (0.1 and 0.4) and 0.2 pellets and 0.4 cm³ liquid per kg of body weight respectively. The highest percentage of ovulation (100%) and embryo-survival to the eyed-egg-stage (81.3%) was recorded after the application of a combination of Ovopel and Ovaprim in comparison with other groups. Fish from the control group did not ovulate. The latency time was shorter in the groups where Ovopel and Ovopel with Ovaprim was applied (40) than in Ovaprim group (42–44 hrs). The obtained results indicates that combination of Ovopel with Ovaprim might be successfully used for artificial reproduction of asp.
A preliminary examination was carried out into the effect that various activating liquids have on the survivability of ide Leuciscus idus (L.) embryos. It was found to be similar (54–59%) in four study groups; the embryo survivability was found to have decreased (44%) only in the group where non-sterilised tap water was used for gamete activation. A negative correlation was found between water conductivity, salinity and sperm motility. A positive correlation was found between water conductivity, salinity and embryo survivability. A negative correlation between the sperm motility and the survivability of ide embryos at the eyed-egg stage shows that the fertilisation result is more affected by the duration of sperm movement than by the percentage of motile sperm.
Artificial spawning of tench collected from wild populations was studied under controlled conditions. In first part of present work, the accurate moment of applying hormonal injection was tested. The best results were obtained, when fish were stimulated between 1st and 3rd day after their collection. From tested hormonal combination (second part of work) ovopel containing GnRHa and dopamine antagonist: metoclopramide, produced the best results. All tested hormones influenced in high quality of oocytes. The differences were observed in the latency time. Fish stimulated by carp pituitary extract (CPE) ovulated much earlier than those stimulated by ovopel. Spawning techniques described in this paper were successful and provided consistent results in reproduction of tench collected from wild populations.
Background. Obtaining the appropriate quantity of milt and spermatozoa of biologically good quality depends on a number of environmental factors. Additional factors may be involved while using a hormonal stimulation. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of time, after stimulation with Ovopel [(D-Ala6, Pro9-NEt)-mGnRH+metoclopramide] (1 granule∙kg-1 body weight) on semen quality indicators of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., over the period of 72 h post injection. Materials and methods. The total volume of milt (TVM, mL), volume of milt per 1 kg of the male body weight (VOM, mL∙kg-1 b.w.), total sperm production (TSP, ×109), and their concentration (×109 mL-1) in milt were determined. Additionally, the motility of spermatozoa (%) by means of the subjective method and the osmotic pressure of seminal plasma (mOsm∙kg-1) were determined. The milt was collected 24 h (group I, n = 10), 48 h (group II, n = 10), and 72 h (group III, n = 10) after stimulation with Ovopel. Results. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in the main parameters of milt i.e., the motility and concentration of spermatozoa in the milt, as well as in the osmotic pressure of seminal plasma were found between the experimental groups of the fish. Higher TSP and VOM values were recorded 24 h after Ovopel injection compared to samples obtained after 72 h (P <0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) and 48 h (P > 0.05). TVM values were also higher at 24 h after the injection than those noted at 48 and 72 h (P < 0.01). Conclusion. The lack of significant differences in the motility and concentration of spermatozoa in milt at 24, 48, and 72 h after injection indicate that time after Ovopel administration does not have an influence on the main indicators of common carp milt quality. However, we noted significant differences in TSP, TVM, and VOM between samples obtaining 24 h and 72 h after hormonal stimulation. The highest quantity indicators i.e., the number of spermatozoa in milt and volume of obtained milt noted for samples obtained after 24 h suggest that this time is better for milt sampling than time after 48 and 72 h.
A Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis system, CASA, enables determination of numerous parameters characterizing sperm motion activity. This system allows for the examination of the effect of various environmental factors on spermatozoa motility parameters. The aim of this work was to compare time-dependent motility changes of sperm obtained from the dace, Leuciscus leuciscus (L.), by abdominal massage (sperm from spermatic ducts) and directly from gonads (testicular sperm). The analysis concerned such sperm motility parameters as: percentage of motile sperm (MOT, %), total sperm velocity (VAP, μm s–1), straight line velocity (VSL, μm s–1), curvilinear velocity (VCL, μm s–1), linearity (LIN: VSL/VCL · 100%), straightness (STR: VSL/VAP · 100%), amplitude of the lateral head displacement (ALH, μm) and beat cross frequency (BCF, Hz). During 105 seconds of motility, no significant differences were found in the values of MOT between sperm originating from the spermatic ducts and from the testicles. Changes in MOT were only observed during seconds 120–135 of movement, when significantly higher values were found for testicular milt. Significant higher sperm velocities (VAP, VCL, VSL) at the 15s from activation were observed in the sperm originated from spermatic duct. On the other hand 120s after activation of movement, values of sperm velocity (VAP and VCL) of milt originating from spermatic duct significantly decreased in comparison to testicular milt. Our data showed that sperm obtained from spermatic duct have initially higher sperm motility speed compared to that obtained directly from the testis. However testicular sperm are able to swim longer than sperm obtained from spermatic duct.
Studies were conducted on the influence of stocking densities: 50, 100, 150 and 200 individuals dm⁻³ on survival and growth rates of Buenos Aires tetra larvae during 25 days of initial rearing under controlled conditions. The larvae were fed ad libitum with live nauplial stages of Artemia sp. The results of initial rearing obtained indicate that in case of tested appropriate environmental conditions of rearing larvae the densities up to 200 individuals dm⁻³ could be applied without clear negative influence on their survival and growth rate.
Studies on the influence of individual spermatozoa motility parameters (% of motility, motility time) on survival of embryos to the eyed-egg-stage were conducted on four freshwater fish species: burbot, ide, Eurasian perch and goldfish. Semen from individual males was collected to separate syringes and next the spermatozoa motility parameters were determined. Samples of oocytes originated from one female from each of the species covered. Each sample of eggs was fertilized with semen originating from a different male. Additionally an attempt was made to fertilize the oocytes with the pooled semen collected from many males, which formed as the control. At the eyed-egg-stage the numbers of live and dead embryos were counted. Aiming at determining the influence of the examined spermatozoa motility parameters single and multiple regression analysis was conducted. It was established that the highest embryos average survival values obtained after fertilization of spawn samples with semen originating from individual males did not differ from the results obtained for the controls that were fertilized with semen from pooled sample. In all cases investigated significant relationships between the spermatozoa motility parameters and the survival of embryos were recorded.
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