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"Local food - nutraceuticals": An example of a multidisciplinary research project on local knowledge

100%

Heinrich M., Leonti M., Nebel S., Peschel W.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

2005

tom 56

nr 1

5-22

Currently, dietary patterns change rapidly all over the world. Most notably, there is a fast increase in the convenience food market. Here we discuss the overall theoretical framework and strategy of an EU-funded project on local food, a common resource in many parts of the Mediterranean. Such food is often only available seasonally and is consumed either fresh (e.g. spring salads and vegetables, fruits in autumn) or in a conserved form (dried, fermented, pickled). There is an urgent need to document and analyse such local resources, which are today at the brink of disappearance. In this project, selected species were studied using a multidisciplinary approach, including strategies and methods from pharmacology, nutritional sciences and anthropology (i.e. ethnopharmacological or ethnonutritional ones). For example, all extracts were profiled using HPLC-MS, by determining their polyphenol content and using a variety of in vitro anti-oxidant assays (incl. guaiacol oxidation, xanthine oxidase inhibition, HOCl scavenging, eNOS activity). Such research also points to ways for ascertaining the intergenerational transmission of the knowledge and for sustainable development and management. Examples from field studies in southern Italy and from pharmacological studies using a variety of targets are used to illustrate the potential of such neglected resources. The wider implications of such an approach, for example, for the study of similar traditions in Central and Eastern Europe are also discussed.

Reversible size-changes in stomachs of shorebirds: when, to what extent, and why?

76%

Piersma T., Dietz M. W., Dekinga A., Nebel S., Gils J., Battley P. F., Spaans B.

Acta Ornithologica

1999

tom 34

nr 2

175-181

Shorebirds show large interspecific variation in the relative size of the stomach, and especially of the muscular part, the gizzard. Much of this variation can be explained by their diet. Species feeding mainly on hard-shelled prey such as bivalves and gastropods have large stomachs; those feeding on soft-bodied prey such as worms have small stomachs. Within a species, diet- and migration-induced changes in stomach size can occur. Our studies on this intraspecific variation have focused on two mollusc-specialists, the Red Knot Calidris canutus and the Great Knot C. tenuirostris. Both are renowned for long-range flights between their arctic or sub-arctic alpine breeding grounds and a variety of coastal wetlands. Feeding mainly on shellfish ingested whole, both knot species have large stomachs, but changing diets easily lead to apparently adaptive modifications. In addition, the demands imposed by flights of many thousand kilometres may induce reductions in stomach size. Using ultrasonography we have begun to experimentally disentangle the causal relationships between diet, season and stomach size in Red Knots. A soft diet can induce stomach reductions of 50% within a week, and such changes are reversible. Studies on radiomarked birds in the Wadden Sea emphasize that variations in stomach size are correlated with prey and patch choice in the field.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Acta Ornithologica

1 Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

2 Nebel S.

1 Battley P. F.

1 Dekinga A.

1 Dietz M. W.

1 Gils J.

1 Heinrich M.

1 Leonti M.

1 Peschel W.

1 Piersma T.

1 Spaans B.

1 2005

1 1999

Wyniki wyszukiwania

"Local food - nutraceuticals": An example of a multidisciplinary research project on local knowledge

Reversible size-changes in stomachs of shorebirds: when, to what extent, and why?