The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasound examination in determining the dynamics of ovarian follicular growth, estimating the time of ovulation, and diagnosing the pathological state of the ovary in the period after weaning. The examinations were conducted under commercial farm conditions on primiparous (n=20) and multiparous sows (n=20). In the experiment, a Scanner 200 and a linear 5-MHz probe were used. The sows were examined by a non-invasive transcutaneous method. In about 20% of the females, the presence of small (1-2 mm) ovarian follicles was observed on the day of weaning, whereas in the majority of animals these ovarian structures were not detected. It was shown that in most animals the dynamics of follicular growth on the days following weaning differed only slightly between the two groups and oestrus occurred on days 4-5. At the beginning of oestrus, the average size of ovarian follicles in the multiparous sows was 5.23 ±1.36 mm and was larger than that observed in the primiparous sows (3.42 ±1.87 mm, P<0.01). It was also observed that in the group of the multiparous sows, the maximum diameter of the follicles prior to ovulation, amounting to 7.81 ±1.26 mm, was larger than in the primiparous sows (6.06 ±1.77 mm, P<0.01). The time of ovulation in both groups of animals was typical and fell on the third day of oestrus. During the examinations, one case of a single ovarian cyst and one case of multiple cysts were detected, which amounted, in total, to 4.5% of the animals examined. Ovarian afunction (lack of follicles) was observed in another 4.5% of the sows in this experiment. This study confirmed the usefulness of transcutaneous ultrasound imaging of pig ovaries for the evaluation of their physiological and pathological conditions.
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