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The aim of the study was to evaluate the stimulating effect of KLP-602 and M. chelonae on some parameters of specific cellular and humoral immunity in turkeys vaccinated with ND virus. The research was carried out on 30 turkeys in three groups. Two groups were given one stimulator and one group was control. After 7 and 100 days birds were immunized against the mesogenic Roakin strain of ND virus. Cellular immunity in the blastic transformation and humoral inhibition were determined in the blood. The results shows that KLP-602 and M. chelonae were better stimulators of humoral immunity than cellular immunity. In the case of KLP-602 group gammaglobulin level was higher than in M. chelonae and the control group.
The aim of the study was to compare KLP-602 or M. chelonae on some biochemical and nonspecific immunity parameters in turkeys immunized with the virus antigen. Research was carried out on 30 turkeys (3 groups, 10 birds in each), who were given one of the two immunity stimulators: KLP-602 or M. chelonae at the age of 29 days. The control group was comprised of birds receiving no stimulators. All the birds received an active mesogenic Roakin strain of ND virus after 7 days and again after 100 days and the biochemical parameters (total proteins, gammaglobulin, ceruloplasmin level), humoral defense parameters (level of lysozyme), cellular parameters (potential killing activity, respiratory burst activity and proliferation activity) were determined. The obtained results demonstrated that M. chelonae had a more significant stimulatory effect on biochemical and humeral immunity parameters than KLP-602.
The aim of the present study was to compare selected biochemical and non-specific immunity parameters in turkeys vaccinated with Dindoral-SPF in response to a live virus antigen, the Roakin strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), after the administration of two synthetic immunity stimulators: isoprinozine and levamisol. The experiment was performed on 30 turkeys. At 24-days-of-age they were vaccinated with the commercial vaccine Dindoral-SPF containing an attenuated strain of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV). At 29-days-of-age the turkeys were divided into three groups of ten birds each. Particular subgroups were given a single dose of either levamisol or isoprinozine, and the third group (the control) received none of the immunity stimulators. After 7 days and again after 100 days all birds received a live mesogenic Roakin strain of NDV. Biochemical and non-specific immunity parameters were determined in blood collected from the wing vein. The results obtained indicated short-term but statistically significant decreases and increases in the levels of biochemical parameters (total protein, gammaglobulins and ceruloplasmin) and non-specific immunity indicators (lysozyme activity) in both experimental groups, as compared with the control group. More interesting, indicating higher effectiveness of isoprinozine than levamisol, were the results concerning non-specific cellular immunity in turkeys, including a higher metabolic activity of leukocytes in the NBT test, especially during the primary response, and higher leukocyte reactivity in the TB test, reflected by RI values, especially during the secondary response. The phagocytic activity of leukocytes, expressed as a percentage of phagocytizing cells and the values of the phagocytic index, was the highest in isoprinozine-stimulated turkeys
Research has shown that among pesticides, carbaryl is one of the strongest immunosuppressors for numerous animal species. In this paper, the effect of carbaryl on biochemical parameters and on specific and non-specific immunity in carbaryl-intoxicated birds was determined. The results indicate a significant immunosuppressive effect in turkeys, on almost all the investigated biochemical parameters and on the indices of specific and non-specific immunity. The only exception is a slightly elevated level of total protein and reactivity of T lymphocytes to non-specific mitogen in the group of intoxicated birds.
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of water extracts of fresh garlic, added to drinking water, on the immunological indices of blood, production results and chemical composition of meat. The experiment was performed on 204 heavy-type turkeys BIG 6 (male), reared until 18 weeks of age. One-day-old poults were divided at random into two groups, with 34 birds in each (3 replicates). All birds were fed on the same complete feed within the five-step system. Birds were had access to the experimental diets and water ad libitum. Drinking water was given in the control group without additives, but in the experimental group a water extract of crushed garlic was given twice a week at 0.5 g/l of water. The water extract of fresh garlic positively affected some blood parameters. This was confirmed by an increased lysozyme activity (by 7-45%), higher levels of leukocyte spontaneous migration (%), and a decrease in non-phagocyte cells (18 vs. 25%) as compared with the control group. Simultaneously, there was an increase in RBC (red blood cells), and Hb (hemoglobin) amount (by 8 and 20%, respectively), a lower cholesterol level, and a more favorable Ca/P ratio was noted. Turkeys given drinking water with water extract of fresh garlic were characterized by lower mortality (by 50%), decreased feed conversion rate (by 3.1%), and higher by 1.3% body weight as compared with the control group. Adding the water extract of fresh garlic to drinking water also affected the chemical composition of breast muscles, i.e. content of crude protein was higher by 3% (P £ 0.01), and fat and crude ash by 8%, respectively.
Eight ten-week old calves, seronegative to BHVl,were divided at random into 2 groups of four. One group was infected with the Cooper (IBR) strain, while the other group was treated with the 509/89 (IPV) strain. Their humoral immunologic response to the virus was cross tested using the seroneutralisation (SN) test (with both strains) and an immunoenzymatic (IBR - EIA, Svanova) test. However, allergic skin tests using two preparations that were obtained from the above mentioned strains,were applied in the same way as in a tuberculin test. The tests showed that immunogenic properties of the used strains are similar (the mean titres of antibodies in both groups did not differ significantly) but they differ as far as antigenic features are concerned. Lower titres of antibodies were detected with the 508/89 (IPV) strain than with the Cooper (IBR) strain. Humoral immunologic response, tested with EIA, was positive in calves infected with the (IPV) strain (on the 35th day p.i.) and negative in the Cooper (IBR) strain infected group. Allergic tests using „homo- and heterological" preparations, showed that a delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH) of skin developed in animals from the IPV group on day 35 p.i. (heterological preparation), whereas on day 56 p.i. in the case of the homological preparation. The DTH of skin was maintained up to the end of the experiment. Calves from the IBR group, tested for skin allergy with both preparations, reacted only sporadically positively. The possible reasons for the confirmed differences have been discussed.
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