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The causative agents of health problems of rainbow trout from a fish farm were investigated by parasitological and anatomo-pathological study of affected fishes. The anatomo-pathological changes in gills, swim bladder, kidney, and especially the deformations of backbone are described. The numerous trophozoites of unidentified species of Myxosporea, occurring in all damaged tissues are suspected to be a causative agent of the disease and mortality in the fish farm under study.
Two myxosporean species: Sphaerospora renicola Dyková et Lom, 1982 and S. molnari Lom, Dyková, Pavlaskova et Grupcheva, 1983 were recorded for the first time in Poland. They were found in young carp after first overwintering in cold- and warm-water ponds. Localization of different developmental stages in carp tissues is described. Differences in frequency of particular developmental stages were noticed between the cold and warm ponds. In fish taken from cold ponds spores occurred rarely. In fish from the warm pond spores were abundant, but extrasporogonic stages were practically undetectable. Symptoms of spring sphaerosporosis are described. They were mainly connected with the presence and release of spores, and were much more serious in carp from the warm pond.
Two species of monogenetic worms of the genus Pseudodactylogyrus, viz., P. bini (Kikuchi, 1929) and P. anguillae (Yin et Sproston, 1948), were recorded on the gills of eel from Strażyn Lake. In order to distinguish these two species the following skeletal elements were examined: length of anchors, length of basal part of anchors, length to the point of anchors, length of anchors except the double bent part of the internal process, length of bar, length of marginal hooks, length of accessory cirrus and length of vagina. Student’s t-test showed statistically significant differences (p<0.01) between some investigated parameters of these two species: length of anchors, length of basal part of anchors, length to point of anchors, length of anchors except the double bent part of the internal process, length of bar and length of marginal hooks. The differences in length of the accessory cirrus and length of vagina were not statistically significant (p = 0.05). The two species have been recorded for the first time in Poland.
Propofol, 2,6-diisopropylphenol, seems to be a good candidate as a fish anaesthetic, however, no study regarding propofol influence on fish has yet been reported. The aim of this study was to examine propofol pharmacokinetics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following bath exposure. Fish (n = 100) were exposed to an aqueous propofol bath at 12°C and 17°C; propofol concentration in the bath was 10 mg L(-1). Plasma concentration-time profiles were determined using LC-MS, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Propofol was absorbed quickly at both temperatures. Its concentration reached 13.8 ± 2.7 μg mL(-1) and 16.1 ± 2.1 μg mL(-1) at 12°C and 17°C, respectively, during the first minute of exposure. Blood plasma propofol decreased rapidly to 6.8 ± 0.7 μg mL(-1) and 6.3 ± 2.2 μg mL(-1) at 12°C and 17°C respectively, during the first 10 minutes of the recovery. The half-life time of propofol was 1.5 h and 1.1 h at 12°C and 17°C, respectively. We found propofol anaesthesia in trout effective and safe. However, it caused a gradual decrease of respiratory rate, and therefore a specific anaesthesia protocol should be developed.
The aim of the study was to compare the share of hatchery-reared lake trout Salmo truttam.lacustrisin catches of fingerlings in the upper Wda and the Pilica Rivers in Autumn, following the stocking fish in spring 2005. Larvae in number of 40 thousand had been previously exposed to the thermal shock procedure (temperature decrease from 8.0 to 2.5oC for 2 hours, and back to initialvalue), then released to both the Wda and Pilica Rivers, connected with the Lake Wdzydze, when the source of the endemic lake trout population exist. The readability of the thermal mark on otoliths wasgood and was visible as an expanded dark band within the daily increments. Thermal marks were found in every otolith in sample of larvae dedicated for stocking. The percentage of marked otoliths infingerlings sampled from the Wda and Pilica rivers was, respectively, 79.3% and 85.0%. Results indicate the natural recruitment of lake trout in both tested rivers. Further research on necessity of supplemental stocking should be continued. Mass marking procedure presented here could be use fulin such investigations
A preliminary examination was carried out into the effect that various activating liquids have on the survivability of ide Leuciscus idus (L.) embryos. It was found to be similar (54–59%) in four study groups; the embryo survivability was found to have decreased (44%) only in the group where non-sterilised tap water was used for gamete activation. A negative correlation was found between water conductivity, salinity and sperm motility. A positive correlation was found between water conductivity, salinity and embryo survivability. A negative correlation between the sperm motility and the survivability of ide embryos at the eyed-egg stage shows that the fertilisation result is more affected by the duration of sperm movement than by the percentage of motile sperm.
The aim of the this study was the to assessment of use the amaranth meal in feed for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Two experimental feeds contained 5.0% and 10.0% of amaranth meal were prepared and compared to reference diet (commercial feed) containing similar amountsof specific nutrients. Initial body wet weight of experimental trout was 524.8±28.5 g and mean lengthof 35.2±0.6 cm. Feed was offered in ration between 0.50–1.71% of fish biomass (calculated by software) of respective group for 21 days. The validation of chromic method to analyze digestibility of fish diet components was done and the linear regression formula Y= 0.0142X+ 0.075 was determined for chromium oxide (VI) concentration. Significant differences (p<0.05) in crude proteinand Nitrogen Free Extract digestibility were found between the experimental groups and the reference one. The present results indicated the feasibility of using of amaranth flour as plant component in feeding of rainbow trout
The aim of this study was to compare physiological responses in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) induced by propofol and CO2 anaesthesia. Two procedures were applied during the experiment. In procedure I, blood samples were collected immediately after exposure (1, 2, 5, 10 min) to the anaesthetic. In procedure II, fish were exposed to the anaesthetic for 10 minutes and then were moved to anaesthetic free water. Blood was sampled after 5, 10, 20 or 30 min of recovery time. Gasometrical and biochemical analyses were performed on collected blood. In CO2 anaesthetized fish strong hypercapnic acidosis was revealed. The drop of the HCO3-/CO2 ratio, from 28:1 in control fish up to 4:1 in CO2 anaesthetized ones, proved that the compensation mechanism is not capable of preventing acidosis during CO2 anaesthesia in Siberian sturgeon. In contrast, only moderate, respiratory acidosis occurred in sturgeons anaesthetised with propofol. Hypercapnic acidosis during CO2 anaesthesia was followed by a fourfold increase of ammonia level in the blood. Glucose level, increasing only during recovery time, indicates that a secondary stress response occurred when awareness of anaesthetized fish had been restored.
The effect of dietary inclusion of amaranth meal on hematology and blood biochemistry, of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was examined. The fish (mean length 35.2 ± 0.6 cm; mean weight 524.8 ± 28.5 g) were divided into three groups: a reference group (RF) fed commercial trout pellet and two experimental groups (EF5 and EF10) fed feeds containing 5.0% and 10.0% of amaranth meal respectively. Determined indices covered: packed cell volume, red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, mean hemoglobin content, inorganic phosphates, total proteins, albumins, globulins, ammonia, triacylglycerols, glucose, and the activity of creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase. Supplementation of feed with amaranth meal significantly raised levels of blood glucose, cholesterol, total protein, ammonia, creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase activity in trout blood. These results indicate that inclusion of amaranth meal in extruded diets for rainbow trout can get negative effect on liver and blood biochemistry profile
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