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Introduction. This study evaluated the correlation between selected socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics and 10-year risk of fracture in persons aged 65+, living in small towns in the north-east of Poland. Material and methods. 267 individuals (76 males and 191 females) aged 76.9 ±2.5 years, living in small towns in the north-east of Poland in independent households, took part in the study. The basic information on the socioeconomic situation and lifestyle of the subjects was gathered during a face-to-face interview. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to determine bone mineral density (BMD) in the di stal part of the forearm. The absolute 10-year risk of bone fracture was calculated in accordance with the algorithm developed by WHO and IOF [Kanis et al. 2005]. Results. The average value of 10-year fracture risk was significantly higher in females than in males (31.4% vs. 14.5%, respectively), as was the probability of fracturing a thigh bone (13.7% vs. 6.1%, respectively), as was the probability of any fracture (23.9% vs. 10.1%, respectively), but BMD was lower (290.6 mg/cm2 vs. 405.2 mg/cm2, respectively). A higher 10-year risk of fracture was observed in people who used dietary supplements (T3 RB-10: OR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.61-6.47) and a lower risk was observed in people who had a spouse/partner (T3 RB-10: OR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.07-0.28), lived with someone (T3 RB-10: OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.08-0.48) and with a high physical activity (T2 RB-10: OR = Ó.68; 95% CI: 0.47-0.99). Conclusions. The 10-year risk of fracture was significantly gender-related. Lower bone mineral density and more than twice higher 10-year fracture risk, probability of fracturing a thigh bone and any fracture was observed in women than in men. The 10-year risk of fracture was higher in single persons, living alone, with a low physical activity and using dietary supplements.
Background. There has been an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents and young adults, especially in men than women. Many adolescents have a sedentary lifestyle and consume more processed, low-fiber foods. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of fiber intake and its selected dietary source consumption in relation to the overweight among Polish male students. Material and Methods. This cross-sectional study involved 1,233 male students aged 13.0-24.9 years from northern, eastern and central Poland. The respondents completed a self-administered Block Screening Questionnaire for Fruit/Vegetable/ Fiber Intake and measurements of their body mass and height were performed. The overweight and obesity prevalence was assessed using international standards. Results. The most frequently consumed foods by students included: white bread and potatoes, fruit and fruit or vegetable juices. The odds of overweight (including obesity) were lower from 28% (OR=0.72; 95%CI:0.56-0.93) to 31% (OR=0.69; 95%CI:0.50-0.95) with a daily consumption of white bread compared to non-daily consumption of white bread. Consumption ≥4 times/week of prepared vegetables (cooked, preserved or marinated) was associated with 51% lower odds of overweight (OR=0.49; 95%CI:0.27-0.97) compared to consumption less than 4 times/week of these foods. The odds of overweight for the level of fiber intake was insignificant. Conclusions. This study provides surprising insights regarding high-fiber and low-fiber food consumption and overweight in Polish male students. A lower odds of overweight was associated with a higher frequency consumption of relatively low in fiber foods as white bread and cooked, preserved or marinated vegetables. Most of the students consumed fiber at an unacceptable level, so a beneficial impact of high-fiber foods on overweight prevalence was not shown.
Background. Knowledge on proper nutrition favours the creation of pro-healthy nutritional behaviours of people. Studies related to the nutritional knowledge of adults, diet quality and incidence of breast or lung cancers are limited. Objective. Analysis of the relationship between the level of nutritional knowledge, diet quality and risk of breast cancer in women or lung cancer in men from the Warmia and Mazury region in Poland. Material and methods. The study was carried out in 202 subjects aged 23-80 years, including 107 women (17 cases of breast cancer) and 95 men (54 cases of lung cancer) from the Warmia and Mazury region in Poland. Nutritional knowledge was evaluated with the Questionnaire of Eating Behaviours (QEB), including 25 statements. Based on the frequency of the consumption of 16 food items, two diet quality indices were created: the pro-Healthy-Diet-Index-8 (pHDI-8) and the non-Healthy-Diet-Index-8 (nHDI-8). The values of pHDI-8 and nHDI-8 were calculated on the basis of the sum of the daily frequency of consumption of the selected food items and expressed as times/day. The Odds Ratio (OR) of both breast cancer or lung cancer in relation to the level of nutritional knowledge was calculated based on a logistic regression analysis. Results. The incidence of breast or lung cancer in the bottom, middle and upper tertile of nutritional knowledge was 57.6%, 32.6% and 15.8%, respectively. As nutritional knowledge grew in the subsequent tertiles, pHDI-8 was on the increase (2.63 vs. 3.78 vs. 4.22 times/day) and n-HDI-8 was on the decrease (1.32 vs. 1.21 vs. 0.94 times/day). In the upper tertile of nutritional knowledge, the Odds Ratio for the incidence of breast or lung cancers varied from 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02; 0.17; p<0.05, with adjustment for cancer type and age) to 0.17 (95% CI: 0.04; 0.69; p<0.05, with adjustment for age and sex) when compared to the bottom tertile (OR=1.00). In the middle tertile of nutritional knowledge, the Odds Ratio of both cancers varied from 0.27 (95% CI: 0.12; 0.62, p<0.05, with adjustment for cancer type and age) to 0.35 (95% CI: 0.18; 0.71, p<0.05, variables without adjustment) when compared to the bottom tertile. Conclusions. A higher level of nutritional knowledge was associated with the higher quality of a pro-healthy diet and lower risk of breast cancer in women or lung cancer in men. In contrast, a lower level of nutritional knowledge was associated with a lower diet quality and a higher risk of both types of cancers.
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