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Introduction. Physical tests have long been used for determining a child’s athletic abilities before age 9. At that age children are not yet physically mature and their motor skills are being developed. That is why the genetic test can come in [handy] for looking for early indicators of talent in performance areas. Aim of Study. The study aims at explaining the role of physical fitness testing and genetic analysis upon identifying sport talents. We hypothesized that using physical fitness tests will not bring the results which would match up with the ones of genetic analysis. This presumption was verified using motor tests battery and gene analysis in 7 year old population. Material and Methods. The research sample included 169 pupils (97 male; mean age = 7.438 y. and 72 female; mean age = 7.227 y.) attending 3 elementary schools in the region of Nitra, Slovakia. All pupils underwent 9 physical tests to determine their general physical abilities. Each performance of pupils in tests was allotted points. Subsequently, 30 best ranked pupils were selected to undergo 2 ml saliva sampling for genetic analysis. The values of individual genetic score are compared with histogram of genetic score distribution in European population. Results and Conclusions. The study showed that the results of genetic analysis did not match the ones of the fitness tests. Based on the analysis we offered parents and coaches valid information about their children’s prerequisites for certain group of sports, type of muscle fiber, oxidative capacity, nutrition type, regeneration, injury prevention, injury susceptibility, etc.
Background. Texture is probably the single most critical quality factor associated with the consumers’ ultimate satisfaction with a poultry meat product and can be affectcd by several factors including the type of feed used for chickens fattening. The use of probiotics for meat and carcass quality improvement has been questioned, while the possibility of deposition of essential oils in various muscle tissues can alter the sensory attributes of the chicken’s meat. Material and methods. Probiotics and thyme essential oil in the percentage of 0.05% were used as feed supplements for Ross 308 broiler chickens, as the broilers were reared in four separated groups based on the feed supplement as follows: control, probiotics, thyme essential oil and combination of probiotics and thyme essential oil group, while the fattening period was 42 days. TA.XT Plus-Texture analyser apparatus was used for determination of the texture profile and Warner Bratzler shear force for the cooked breast meat. Results. Warner Bratzler shear test results showed that the tested feed additives were not affecting the texture of the chicken breast meat, while probiotic appears to have moderately effect on the hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness attributes of the cooked breast meat compared with the other groups, this effect of probiotics considered as negligible, as the results showed that all the tested groups meat were very tender according to the tendemess scale. Conclusions. According to the obtained results it can be concluded the combination of probiotics and thyme group resulted in the lowest score for the hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness attributes, while probiotics group scored the highest compared with the control.
Before being put out onto the market many fish species sold around the world need to be processed, which may result in the subsequent removal of characteristics used for their classification (head, fins, internal organs). The biochemical characterization of fish species could be achieved using proteins or DNA sequences as species-specific markers. However, since different fish products undergo different processes, the method of analysis has to be chosen according to the modifications undergone by fish constituents during processing. As DNA molecules are more resistant than proteins to various processes (including thermal treatment), DNA analysis appears to be a promising method for fish species identification. For the species identification of the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) among 15 different freshwater fish species a specific predesigned molecular - genetic marker of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) was used, which comes from the mtDNA control D - loop area. Next we analyzed the presence of mtDNA in DNA isolates of the 15 kinds of freshwater fish and compared them with the Common Carp markers by using the following two PCR identification methods. The isolates were diluted to 10 % concentration, using the TaqMan Real-Time PCR method and the SYBR® Green Real-Time PCR method. The results of using the optimized the SYBR® Green Real-Time PCR method for species identification of the Common Carp (C. carpio) pointed to its suitability. We were able to create an analysis of the monitored standard curve which represented the PCR positive control (C. carpio), containing the characteristic melting peak (up to the melting point 80.72 °C). A single peak indicated a single product (C. carpio) which can be verified upon characterization of the PCR product by agarose gel electrophoresis. The TaqMan Real-Time PCR method with a TaqMan probe is a very sensitive and reliable method of authentication used on food of animal origin. The suitability of this method, which we used for species identification of the Common Carp (C. carpio), was confirmed. Thanks to using this method, already in the 17th cycle of the PCR amplification procedure, the presence of the Common Carp gene (C. carpio) was detected in the positive control and not detected in the rest of the fish samples.
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