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The objective of this study was to determine the interaction of organo tin (IV) compounds with a gramicidin ion-conducting channel incorporated into planar lipid bilayers. The relative change of trans membrane current was used as a parameter for estimation the above interaction. This measured parameter was in good relationship with physicochemical (logP) and topological (TSA) properties of the compounds under study. The presented model might be apply for estimation of toxicity of organo metallic derivatives.
The aim of this review is to introduce some principle areas of biosensor research and illustrate current technology with selected examples, including physico-chemical transducers and biological materials used for analytical active layers.
The investigation of the influence of chosen neutral and dianionic molecules on K+ determination by the vaiinomycin liquid membrane electrode is the subject of the present paper. These investigations were carried out in water solutions in the presence of acetate buffer pH = 4. The strongest effects on the membrane potential were observed in the cases of compounds possessing a benzene ring with some functional groups in ortho position.
This paper presents the results of study on the toxic action mechanism of organic derivatives of tin (IV) on black lipid membrane (BLM) as a model of cell membrane. Trimethyltinchloride, tripropyltinchloride, tributyltinchloride, triphenyltinchloride, dimethyltindichloride, dipropyltinchloride, dibutyltin- dichloride, diphenyltindichloride were tested. The compounds were selected to determine the role of their structural elements in the mechanism studied. The measurements were made for the concentrations of investigated compounds ranging from 0 to 12x 10-7 mol/L, i.e. within the range of toxic concentrations, causing the BLM depolarisation. The effects of compounds studied on BLM were strongly dependent on their concentration and structure, which the trans- membrane-potential measurements of model-membrane depolarisation (dynamics and extent) showed the most evidently. The efficiency of the interaction between the black lipid membrane and the tin (IV) derivatives increased as follows: dialkyl > trialkyl > diphenyl > triphenyl. The compounds studied were recognised as having the lipophilic properties-crucial for modification of model and biological membranes.
Two series of new bifunctional surfactants were synthesized for potential use as antioxidants or as pesticides, depending on their concentration. At a low concentration, the surfactants can be incorporated into the membranes with no damage to these membranes, while surfactants antioxidant functional group, localized in its polar part, protrudes outside thus effectively protecting the membranes. If the concentration of the incorporated surfactant is high enough it can destroy membranes acting as a common biocide. The aim of this paper was to determine the concentration level at which surfactants can be possibly used as biocides. The surfactants studied differed in the polar head and/or in the length of their alkyl chain. One of the investigated series consisted of pyrolidinium chlorides (PC), whereas the other series consisted of the respective bromides (PB). PB salts were found to be more destructive to model membranes studied (erythrocytes - RBC and planar lipid membranes - BLM) than PC salts. Also, the results of BLM experiments indicate the existence of a maximum of the interaction between planar lipid membranes and surfactants when they have about twelve carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. It may be possible that interdigitation phenomena are responsible for this effect.
The micro gold electrode modified by thiol layer was used as a working electrode in the cyclic voltammetry method. This analytical system was used for determining the neutral smell compounds: geraniol and coumarin. The decrease in reduction current value of [Fe(CN)6]-3 ions was observed already at the concentration of 10-5 M of the compound investigated. The dimensions of these changes were different for each compound and their discrimination by the above sensor was possible.
The potentiometric responses towards lead ions of liquid membrane electrodes containing arylen­evinylene derivatives are reported. The membranes respond to lead ions in the activity range 10-6 - 10-3 M and show good selectivity against common interfering mono- and doubly-charged cations. The new ligands demonstrate low affinity for protonation. 1 mol % (vs the ionphore) of potassium tetrakis(p- chlorophenyl)borate was used as a lipophilic anionic salt to improve the selectivity. The ligands selected for the present study allow estimating the influence of olefinic double bounds, the number of aromatic rings and the number and position of methoxy groups on recognition process of the lead ions.
The presence of highly toxic acrylamide in food products such as fried potatoes and chips was confirmed by Swedish scientists from the Stockholm University. Neurotoxicity of this compound and its metabolites imposes a duty to control it by qualitative and quantitative assays. Recent findings showed that acrylamide is formed in heat-treated foods rich in asparagine and reducing sugars such as glucose. Exposing acrylamide to pH extremes results in its hydrolysis to acrylic acid and ammonia. The main objective of the work presented is the development of a new electrochemical sensor for the determination of acrylic acid in the presence of asparagine and acrylamide. We report on an intramolecular ion-channel sensor using self-assembled monolayers deposited onto gold electrodes. Macrocyclic polyamine molecules with long alkyl chains were adsorbed into the monolayer of 1-dodecanethiol on the gold surface. The signal generated due to the formation of a supramolecular complex between host and acrylic acid guest at the electrode interface was measured by Osteryoung square wave voltammetry (OSWV) with [Ru(NH3)6]3+ as an electroactive marker.
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