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Neurological symptoms as the result of non-typical course of superficial cerebral veins are described in available literature very rarely. The case described below indicates that in some circumstances the compression symptoms derived from the cerebral cortex may be incredibly more serious than their anatomical reasons. In our observation a young woman was described complaining of paroxysmal numbness of the left upper limb with paraesthesiae of the left side of the face, the left eye and left half of the tongue. The patient said that in childhood she used to have paroxysmal itching of the left hand. She also said that CT of the head made a few years ago after a car accident was without pathological changes. Neurological examination, x-ray of the skull and EEG test performed during first visit proved normal. After one year of the disease, Jackson-type epilepsy, combined with loss of sensation of the left half of the face for the first time, was present. Neurological and ophthalmological examination of the bottom of the eye proved normal. Skull x-ray was normal. Then disturbances of the vision in the left half of the field appeared. EEG was still in norm. The MRI test showed the asymmetry in the course and dilated superficial vein between the basis of the right temporal lobe and the tentorium of the cerebellum. The diameter of this vein was 2.5 mm, but there were no vascular malformations. Bottom of the eye was normal, but in the field of vision the white and red colours were dominated.
W artykule przedstawiono badania dotyczące otrzymywania produktów interakcji białek z utlenionym tłuszczem, wykazujących właściwości przeciwutleniające. Uwzględniono wybór substratu białkowego i tłuszczu oraz warunki przebiegu powstawania kompleksów białkowo-tłuszczowych.
The aim of our study was to evaluate the physiological and pathological variations of plural renal arteries in individuals of various constitutional types. Data about sixty-six renal angiographies obtained post-mortem from 35 traffic accident victims were compared with 68 aortonephrograms of 35 randomly selected patients of the Medical Department. During the autopsy of the traffic casualties no major pathological traces were observed. Out of 35 medical patients, 19 were presented with no signs of renal artery diseases, 14 were diagnosed for stenosis of renal arteries and 2 for diabetes mellitus. Abdominal aortography with following selective angiography was performed. Out of the total of 35 patients examined by method of abdominal aortography with following selective angiography, plural renal arteries (PRA) were observed in 9 cases (25.7%), two of these having a double-sided PRA. Among 19 patients without angiography, signs of renal artery pathologies PRA were present in 5 cases (26.3%). This was also observed in 2 out of 14 patients with RA stenosis (14.2%), and in both diabetic patients. Among 35 examined patients, PRA were found in 25.7% (9 cases), in two of them PRA were revealed on both sides (5.7%). A total of 68 nephrograms was obtained in 35 patients (2 patients had one kidney only). PRA were present in 16.2% (11) of nephrograms. Six (25%) out of a total of 24 men had PRA. Among 11 examined women, PRA were observed in 3 cases (27.2%). Right-sided PRA were revealed in 6 out of a total of 35 right kidneys (17.1%) and left-sided PRA in 5 (15.2%) out of 33 left kidneys. Among 35 renal preparations taken from corpses of people who died from injures and had no renal or any other pathology, PRA were present in 9 cases (25.7%). PRA were counted in 9 cases (34.6%) of 26 preparations from corpses with advanced arteriosclerosis. Plural kidney arteries were met in 3 cases from 5 preparations taken from diabetic cadavers (60%). PRA were found in 21 (31.8%) cases out of 66 preparations examined by method of post vital angiography. PRA were noticed in 9 (28.1%) cases of 32 right side preparations, and in 12 cases (35.3%) of 34 left side preparations. PRA were observed in 11 cases (30.6%) of 36 male preparations, and in 10 cases (33.3%) of 30 female preparations. Due to the constitutional types of body: in picnic type cadavers and patients PRA were described in 12 cases (36.4%) of a total of 33, in mesomorphic type — in 8 cases (29.6%) of a total of 27, and in asthenic type cadavers — in 1 case out of 10 (10%). Total statistics showed that most often lower pole (50%) and upper pole (16.5%) accessory arteries were observed. Upper pole perforating arteries were described in nearly 22%, but lower pole arteries only in 4.4%. Double renal arteries occurred in 18.7%, and upper pole accessory arteries in 16.5%. Triple renal arteries were found very seldom (nearly 3%).
Ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity is part of the baseline diagnostics of urinary tract diseases. Dilatation of the pelvicalyceal system is one of the most frequent findings. In ultrasonography of the urinary tract there are, however, some images of anatomical anomalies of the pelvicalyceal system which should not be consider as abnormal. In the study we analysed 920 ultrasound examinations of the urinary tract. Of all the ultrasound images only those with isolated dilatation of the renal pelvises and calices were selected (130 cases). Ampulla-shaped and/or external pelvises, isolated calices or both abnormalities were disclosed in 104, 46 and 20 cases, respectively. In about one-third of patients additional examinations (voiding cystography, intravenous urography, renal scyntygraphy) were performed which revealed normal anatomy of the urinary tract and disorders of urine flow in 80% and 20% of patients, respectively. In conclusion, the study implies that not all dilatation of the pelvicalyceal system structures signifies urine retention, although in the event of further doubt, there is a need for additional diagnostics.
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