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The aim of this study was to determine the species composition and structure of assemblages of ground beetles inhabiting plantations of wheat, triticale and tall fescue. In addition, the effect of plant protection treatments on the occurrence of Carabidae beetles was studied. The examined plantations contained ground beetle assemblages which were highly diverse in species composition, dominated by open-habitat, mesohygrophilous spring breeders. They were mainly hemizoophages and medium zoophages. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed the Carabidae communities dwelling on the examined fields as separate although not very stable assemblages. The Redundancy Analysis (RDA) revealed a reverse correlation between the occurrence of most of the Carabidae species and the application of plant protection chemicals, especially herbicides and insecticides.
The study was carried out in 2006, in Tomaszkowo near Olsztyn, north-eastern Poland. It comprised two small water ponds: A – in a forest, and B – in a field. Carabid beetles were caught into Barber’s traps from May to October 2006. In total, 1408 individuals belonging to Carabidae were captured: 629 individuals representing 47 species around the forest pond and 779 individuals representing 56 species around the field pond. It has been concluded that small water bodies, which improve water relations in the landscape, can considerably influence the increased diversity of Carabidae, as well as stimulate the presence of rare and valuable stenobiotic species.
The paper presents some data on assemblages of ground beetles caught in two cut meadows surrounded by forest. Those two study objects differed in the soil moisture content. The observations were conducted near Olsztyn (UTM: DE65) in 2004. During the research project 372 Carabidae individuals representing 40 species were caught.
The present study consisted of an evaluation of assemblages of epigeic carabid beetles (Col. Carabidae) colonizing hydrogenic soils (bog and post-bog ones), different in the soil development degree. The observations were conducted on a drained, low bog area called Stary Dwór, which today is used as a cut meadow. This is an oblong depression, filled in with (partly mucky) rush peats and situated in the sandur landscape. It lies in the mesoregion called Pojezierze Olsztyńskie (Olsztyn Lake District) near Olsztyn (UTM DE 65), about 3 km of the southern borders of the town. The field observations for determination of the soil type were conducted using soil catenas. A transect was established, which cut across different types and sub-types of bog and post-bog soils. In this paper, the authors have attempted to answer the question whether the sequence of hydrogenic soils and some parameters chosen to describe them have any influence on assemblages of epigeic carabid beetles dwelling in such habitats. Based on the results, it has been concluded that the soils present in the analyzed peat bog were characterized by the following sequence: muckous soils → peat-muck soils → peat soils. Their properties depended on the position in the soil relief, advancement of muck formation and content of organic carbon. It has been found out that the highest soil ash content in the surface horizons was in muckous soil (90.39%), and the lowest – in profile 3 of peat-muck soil (18.77%). The reaction of the analyzed soils ranged from slightly acidic to neutral and tended to decrease towards the centre of the depression, reaching the lowest value in peat soil. During the two years of our observations, a total of 673 individuals of Carabidae belonging to 29 species were captured. It has been determined that the type of soil as a factor significantly affected the number of captured carabid beetles, but did not influence the species abundance. The decreasing pH gradient as well as an increasing content of organic C were associated with a decreasing number of the species of carabid beeetles tolerant to moisture conditions (mesophilous species), which were being replaced by hygrophilous individuals. As the acidic reaction of soil increased and the soil content of organic matter rose, so did the abundance of mixophagous species at the expense of predatory individuals.
Od wielu lat prowadzone są badania (projekt Globenet) mające na celu ocenę wpływu urbanizacji na bioróżnorodność przy wykorzystaniu jednej grupy bezkręgowców, jakimi są biegaczowate (Col., Carabidae). Celem prowadzonych badań było poznanie struktury zgrupowań naziemnych Carabidae zasiedlających naturalne zadrzewienia śródmiejskie różniące się między sobą wpływem czynni­ków antropogenicznych. Badania prowadzono w Polsce północno-wschodniej w granicach administracyjnych miasta Olsztyna (UTM-DE 65) w latach 2004-2006 do zmodyfikowanych pułapek glebowych typu Barbera. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że skład gatunkowy i liczebność biegaczo-watych badanych zadrzewień miejskich różnił się w kolejnych latach badań. W zadrzewieniach miejskich w grupie gatunków eudominujacych i superdominujących znalazły się przede wszystkim gatunki charakterystyczne dla terenów otwartych oraz eurytopowe, którym towarzyszył hylofil (N. brevicollis), spotykany również często na terenach otwartych. Badane zadrzewienia znajdowały się pod silnym oddziaływaniem czynników środowiskowych, czego wyrazem był niski udział gatunków leśnych oraz zdecydowana dominacja kilku gatunków (C. fuscipes, N. brevicollis, С. nemoralis i H. rufipes). Spośród badanych zmiennych środowiskowych największy wpływ na kształt zgrupowań Carabidae miała antropopresja oraz obecność obszarów okresowo podmokłych.
Integration of herbicide and fertilization treatments as well as search for effective fungicide preparations are of a particular importance in plant disease control. The aim of this three-year experiment w to assess the effect of herbicide treatments and methods of nitrogen application on the occurrence of root and foot rot caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis, Fusarium spp., Oculimacula spp., Rhizoctonia spp., and to determine frequency of fungi infesting the stem base. The results have demonstrated that soil nitrogen fertilization limited symptoms of take-all but favoured more intensive presentation of sharp eyespot. The symptoms of cereal and grass eyespot as well as those of take-all became more visible when nitrogen was applied to the soil than on leaves. A mixture of the herbicides Chwastox 300 SL and Starane 250 EC was the most effective in controlling sharp eyespot, while soil and foliar application were the most effective in controlling take-all. Granstar 75 WG, applied separately or in combination with the herbicides Starane 250 EC and Chwastox 300 SL, resulted in more pronounced symptoms of sharp eyespot and take-all.
The aim of this study was to compare the species composition and structure of assemblages of ground beetles inhabiting integrated and organic potato plantations. The study was conducted in Winna Góra near Środa Wielkopolska in 2008 and 2012. Two potato fields were selected: organic and integrated. Ten Barber traps were placed on each field. In total 4496 specimens representing 39 Carabidae species were captured. Harpalus rufipes was the dominate species (approximately 50%). Plant protection products did not have the negative impact on beneficial ground beetles communities.
Sustaining biodiversity as well as taking advantage of the natural environment’s resistance are the key elements which should be considered when designing integrated plans for the protection of hazelnut groves. An effort has been made in this study to analyse the impact of different soil cultivation methods in hazelnut groves, on the species composition and number of individuals in carabid assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Another aim was to determine which method of inter-row soil management had the least negative effect on assemblages of these beetles. Because of the type of habitat, the xerothermic species characteristic for southeastern Europe, i.e. Calathus ambiguus, Poecilus lepidus, Harpalus calceatus, and H. griseus, were the most numerous. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the captured individuals implied that the optimal soil tillage system in young hazelnut groves is when soil is kept fallow with machines or chemicals, or when soil is covered with manure. The least favourable practice for the appearance of ground beetles of the Carabidae family is the use of polypropylene fabric, bark or sawdust, to cover soil.
The confused flour beetle is one the most common pest insects invading stored food products with high content of starch. The object of the studies was to determine the adaptability of the pest to infest different quality groups of wheat grain divided into grain size fractions. Survivability of the confused flour beetle taking into consideration the quality and quantity of nutrient substance was studied; as well as the course and length of this developmental cycle. The results of performed studies revealed that a wheat cultivar factor significant affected development of the pest. It was also stated that pest beetles preferred grain of wheat cultivars with low protein content and pure technological quality of gluten. In contrast, grain of cultivars characterized by a high technological quality such as Korweta and Jasna were more tolerant to infestation by this pest.
Badania dotyczyły wpływu ochrony chemicznej w integrowanej produkcji ziemniaka na faunę naziemnych biegaczowatych (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Otrzymane wyniki po­równano z badaniem na polu bez ochrony chemicznej. Badania prowadzono w latach 2008 i 2012 w Winnej Górze koło Środy Wielkopolskiej. Do badań wybrano dwie uprawy ziemniaka: ekologiczną i integrowaną, na każdej z nich założono po 10 pułapek Barbera. Ogółem odłowiono 1917 osobników należących do 34 gatunków biegaczowatych na polu z integrowaną uprawą ziemniaka oraz 2579 osobników z 33 gatunków na polu z upra­wą ekologiczną. Najliczniej na badanych polach ziemniaka występował Harpalus rufipes. W badanych uprawach nie zaobserwowano znaczącego wpływu stosowania insektycydów na zgrupowania pożytecznych biegaczowatych, istotne natomiast okazało się stosowanie fungicydów i herbicydów.
This study investigates the effect of the enrichment of Scots pine stands with a common beech understorey on changes in the species composition and selected life traits of an important zooindicator group, such as the ground beetles (Col. Carabidae). The field investigations were carried out in a fresh coniferous forest in the Myszyniec Forest District (N Poland) in stands with (P+) and without (P) beech in the understorey. Each treatment was repeated four times. In each repetition, six pitfalls were installed. The traps were replaced 13 times, every two weeks, from April to October. In total, 4412 specimens classified into 25 species of ground beetles were captured. The tree stands with the beech understorey were observed to contain a significantly higher number of species than the ones with the beech undergrowth. Also, the value of the Shannon index of species diversity (H’) and mean individual biomass (MIB) were significantly higher in the treatment with the beech understorey. Principal Component Analysis showed variations in Carabidae assemblages within the analysed types of forest. Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Pterostichus aethiops and Pterostichus vernalis were more strongly correlated with the stands without beech understorey. The stands enriched with the beech understorey correlated with the occurrence of large zoophages: Carabus arvensis and Cychrus caraboides, and hemizoophages of the genus Amara. An in−depth ecological characterisation of the captured Carabidae showed that the dominant ground beetles in the investigated forest habitats, in terms of the number of caught individuals and species, belonged to forest zoophagous carabids characterised by moderate requirements for moisture in a habitat, and having the spring type of development. Representatives of large zoophages and species with the autumn type of development, i.e. species associated with later ecological succession stages, were more numerously caught in the pine stands without the beech understorey The study provides evidence that justifies the planting of deciduous undergowth in monoculture coniferous pine tree forests. The presence of an understorey contributes to higher: richness of Carabidae species, values of the MIB and abundance of large forest species presenting the autumn type of development, that is the species, which are characteristic for forest areas representing a highly advanced succession stage.
The objective of the study was to determine the species composition and structure of carabid beetles, which may have some effect on reducing the abundance of pest insects colonizing winter oilseed rape plantations. The experiment was conducted in Tomaszkowo near Olsztyn (UTM DE 65) in 2005–2006. Four fields cropped with winter oilseed rape were included to the study. The fauna material was captured with Barber traps. During the two-year observations, 3038 individuals belonging to 70 species of Carabidae were caught. It was shown that oilseed rape did not possess stable assemblages of Carabidae that would be characteristic for this crop alone, as the analyzed fields were populated by completely distinct beetle communities, different in the species composition and dominance relationships. Nonetheless, each of the assemblages was characterized by quite a high species richness and abundance of carabid beetles.
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