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The study of anthocyanin and phenolic acids has always received much attention due to their extensive range of colors and potential beneficial health effects. In this study extraction of anthocyanins from barberry, eggplant peel and red cabbage was investigated by using different organic solvents. Soluble solid content, antioxidant capacity, total monomeric anthocyanins and total phenolic content were determined and then degradation kinetics of anthocyanin in different solution during freezing process was assayed. In order to examine the effect of different acids on the degree of extraction of anthocyanin and total phenol, varied concentration of hydrochloric, citric and acetic acids were dissolved in a mixture of water and ethanol to prepare acidified aqueous solution. Results indicated that citric acid solution is one of the best solvents for phenolic and anthocyanin extraction which showed the best scavenging activity of DPPH radical. Results from degradation kinetics of total monomeric anthocyanins revealed that stability of anthocyanins in the solution depended on temperature and other ingredients which are present in the medium. Moreover, the present data confirmed that barberry and red cabbage acidified extracts could be one of the more stable natural food colorants based on anthocyanins.
Background. There is increasing evidence to suggest that a vegetarian diet low in fat and high in complex carbohydrates offers the potential for decreasing the risk of chronie disease. However, there is little information about the effect of vegetarian diets on resting metabolic rate (RMR). The objective of this study was to determine the association of vegan diet with RMR and body composition and oxidative stress. Material and methodology. This research is a cross-sectional descriptive analytic study in which two groups of vegetarians and non vegetarians were compared. RMR was determined by indirect calorimetry, the amount of body fat mass (FM), the percentage of free fat mass (FFM), the markers of oxidative stress (MAD), poteins (PCO) and total anti-oxidatant capacity were measured in 20 vegetarians and 20 non-vegetarians. The two groups were matched with regard to body mass index, sex and menstrual cycle. Energy and macronutrient intakes were determined using a 3-day food record and body composition was determined by bioelectric impedance. Results. VEG reported a lower relative intake of protein (40.45 ±19.41 g, 56.96 ±11.94 g, p = 0.04), whereas no differences were observed in daily energy, carbohydrate or fat intakes and body composition. NVEG exhibited a higher absolute RMR (1354.7 ±192.6, 1569.10 ±348.24 Kcal/24 h, p = 0.02). PCO plasma density was seen significantly higher among non-vegetarians (1.09 ±3.6, 0.81 ±0.42, p = 0.02). No significant differences were seen in plasma density of TAC between two groups and MAD was higher amoung vegetarians. Conclusion. These results suggest that the lower RMR observed in VEG is partially mediated by differences in dietary macronutrient composition.
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