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Feline bartonellosis key issues and possible vectors

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Bartonellosis is a disease caused by Bartonella spp. microorganisms which belong to the Rickettsiales order. This disease is a zoonosis, B. henselae, whose primary reservoir is the cat, which in humans causes a cat-scratch disease. In infected cats, symptoms such as fever, lymphedema, reproduction disorders, myocarditis, rhinotracheitis, gingivitis, and arthritis may be observed. Bartonella appears to be transmitted among cats and dogs in vivo exclusively by arthropod vectors (excepting perinatal transmission), not by biting or scratching. In the absence of these vectors, the disease does not spread. On the other hand, the disease can be spread to humans by bites and scratches, and it is highly likely that it is spread by arthropod vectors as well. This review presents a potential role of ticks and fleas in the transmission of bartonellosis. Clinicians should be aware that a common illness, such as infection with Bartonella, can be transmitted by arthropod vectors, and that a history of animal scratches or bites is not necessary for disease transmission.
Three cases of prostatitis caused by the invasion of T. vaginalis and C. albicans which has been found in different biological materials were described. After per rectum examination perineum biopsy of prostata was performed in all patients; in histopathological preparations painting at the inflammed reaction of that gland the fungi were detected. Also, the same microorganisms were proved in sexual partners of those patients but multifocal invasion of C. albicans - including genital and urinary organs, mouth and alimentary tract - also in members of their family.
The cat scratch disease in humans is caused by the bacteria Bartonella henselae. The disease can take many different forms: from asymptomatic cases, cases of skin lesions, fever of unknown origin, enlargement of lymph nodes, ophthalmologic disorders, to severe cases involving inflammation of the brain and spinal cord or endocarditis. The reservoir of B. henselae for humans are domestic animals, especially cats. The diagnosis of the disease is based on data from the anamnesis, the patient’s confirmed exposure to cats, and the results of serological tests showing an increase in antibody titres for B. henselae. The disease can also be confirmed by positive results of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No vaccines against bartonellosis are available. The most important in preventing the disease is to maintain appropriate hygiene in contact with cats and dogs, and to eradicate the vectors of Bartonella, such as fleas.
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