Increasing quality of industrial technologies is not always coupled with application of advanced technologies of treatment and disposal of gases, sewage and waste. That is why selection of suitable treatment method is of great importance. Searching for new concepts for treatment and application of organic waste (food-processing, agricultural and municipal sewage) in the production process deserve special attention. To use the nutrients, sewage has been applied in cropland, meadows and forested areas. The author discusses the effects of this practice on the biological activity of soil, principles for selection of appropriate types of sewage depending on soil type, plant species and the level of toxicity of substances threatening ecosystems and people.